Buffalo Creek, West VirginiaSocial Power and the Construction of Crime-Conflict Theory

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Conflict theories can best be defined as, "theories that focus attention on struggles between individuals and/or groups in terms of power differentials."(Lily, Cullen, & Ball 16). In addition, conflict theories tend to fall into three identifiable categories. Those that search for the sources of the conflicts, those that attempt to establish theoretical foundations for alleviating the conflict, and those that try to both identify the source of and eliminate conflict. (16)In the book, Everything in Its Path, Kia Erickson, a sociologist, alludes that the disaster that occurred in Buffalo Creek, Virginia on February 6, 17 is an excellent example of Conflict theories as a whole. The events of February 6, 17, the ensuing litigation and its resolution tend to support Erickson's assertions. The parties involved in this particular conflict were citizens of Buffalo Creek, the coal mining industry, and governmental bureaucracy. In response to citizens' concerns about slag, a pollution by product of mining, contaminating creeks, rivers, and streams the government of West Virginia required the mining companies to construct retaining ponds. The mining companies constructed and ponds and used earthen dams mixed with slag to prevent seepage. This gesture on the part of the mining companies satisfied governmental bureaucrats. In an article entitled, Drowned by the State, William L. Anderson calls the tragedy that occurred in Buffalo Creek "death by government". (Anderson) By 17, the Pittston Coal Company, the parent company for the Buffalo Mining Company, had built three retaining ponds. "The dams and coal mine waste turned Middle Fork into a series of black pools." (Buffalo Creek.org 1) The flooding that occurred in 17 was not new to the residents of the area. The hollow had been flooded in 167 by a break in one of the dams. State officials responded by requiring minor alterations. There was another dam failure in 171. Again the state did not follow up with inspections. In fact, Pittston Mining was fined $1. million dollars but paid only $75. (Buffalo Creek -) When the dam burst on February 6, 17 "tons of water cascaded down 16 miles of narrow mountain valleys, killing 15 people and destroying more than 1,000 homes…" (Anderson ).The trial not only identified the source of the conflict but the judgment rendered also tried to remedy and eliminate the source of the conflict.

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According to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, "capitalism is the root of conflict because it is the source of unjust inequality. In this view, greater integration and regulation simply would tend to perpetuate an unjust economic system."(Lily et al. 18)Viewed in light of this theory, the actions of the Pittston Mining Company would be excusable. According to this theory further regulation would only feed an already unjust economic system. In the view of Marx and Englels, the solution would be the overthrow of capitalism and the establishment of a socialist society. In addition, Marx and Engels believed that conflict was inherent in the nature of social arrangements under capitalism.(17) To put it differently, as long as there is capitalism conflict is a given, therefore, the company should not be held accountable. The lawyers for the survivors of the tragedy could have used Richard Quinney's Social Reality, Capitalism and Crime Theory in its defense of the victims. Although Quinney changed his concept of conflict theories many times, there are two crucial aspects that he points out in defining the rule of law. Quinney defined law as "the creation of and interpretation of specialized rules in a politically organized society. He also states that "whenever a law is created or interpreted, the values of some are necessarily assured and values of others are either ignored or negated.(147) In addition, like Turk, Quinney defined crime as, "a legal status that is assigned to behaviors and persons by authorized others in society".(147) With this assertion, he then defines the criminal as "a person who is assigned the status of criminal on the basis of the official judgment that his conduct constitutes a crime.(147) In light of these ideas, lawyers for the victims could have argued that the mining company engaged in a criminal act , which in turn made them a criminal, and as such, should have its rights either ignored or negated. The final statement by the lawyers for the victims, certainly support the existence of Conflict Theories. The final statement of the firms was, "The court settlement is evidence of a new realization in our society that not just individuals, but corporations and other institutions, commit crimes….Courts will be judging as criminal corporate and governmental practices, previously considered as normal, in light of society as a whole, not just a powerful few." The very nature of our court system is one based on conflict. We as a society have given our justice system the right to have the final word in not only determining the cause of conflicts, but also the ability to resolve that conflict. Works Cited PageAnderson, William L "Drowned by the State" Mises Institute Monthly Vol. 18, No. 5 May 000Lilly ET. Al., Criminological Theory. London Sage Publications, 00Buffalo Creek, httpwww.wvculture.org/history/buffcreek/frmngtn.html Please note that this sample paper on Buffalo Creek, West VirginiaSocial Power and the Construction of Crime-Conflict Theory is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Buffalo Creek, West VirginiaSocial Power and the Construction of Crime-Conflict Theory, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Buffalo Creek, West VirginiaSocial Power and the Construction of Crime-Conflict Theory will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Darlin clemintine

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In the 140's, protagonists and antagonists were easily distinguished in America's Western-style films. However in John Ford's film, My Darling Clementine, which depicts the famous story of Wyatt Earp, Doc Holliday's character is portrayed as an elusive, somewhat ineffective man. Not until one of the final scenes does the viewer have confirmed that Holliday is actually a fair and just man. He then becomes a member of the protagonists with the Earp brothers, although remaining a failure. Along with that, suspicions about the Clanton family aren't absolutely confirmed until this same point in the film. While the Clanton's role seems to be that of easily-blamable scoff-laws from the very beginning, Holliday displays character traits that show that he could be or might have once been a cleaner, straighter, and more-distinguished man. Through an exploration of the Earps (mostly Wyatt), the Clanton family (mostly Old Man), and eventually Doc Holliday we will be able to better understand the building tension that occurs in Ford's My Darling Clementine.From the very beginning, it is easy to see that the Earp brothers, especially Wyatt, are pure, brave, and good-natured boys that fit the law-abiding ideal. This is important, because the West was (or, at least, represented) an unregulated area where the law could be bent at virtually any time. For people to be as pure as the Earps seemed very unique, and their name was well respected from Wyatt's earlier work as Sheriff in another town. Apparently he could clean up a fair-sized city, and the people in Tombstone were certainly excited when they found out he would help out their small, remote oasis with virtually no law enforcement. As soon as Wyatt tries to get a shave, he realizes that he is not in a quiet, peaceful town. In fact, he is appalled at the state of order in Tombstone. He asks rhetorically, What kind of a town is this anyway?… A man can't get a shave without gettin' his head blowed off! After taking matters into his own hands and solving the problem, he is still frustrated. He scoffs, What kind of town is this anyway, selling liquor to Indians?… It is made clear at this point in the film that Wyatt is no coward, and he is a man that can get things done. When confronted by Doc Holliday for the first time, Wyatt is a gentlemen and doesn't let Doc get to him. However, Wyatt is still frustrated with the condition of peace in the town. He complains, Well this sure is a hard town for a fella to get a quiet game of poker in. After obliging Doc to have a drink, Doc explains that Tombstone has the …biggest graveyard west of the Rockies. Marshals and I usually get along much better when we understand that right away. Wyatt remains a gentlemen even when tested in front of a crowd. He is the epitome of patience and self-restraint. However, when Holliday asks if he were to take a notion to break the law, Wyatt calmly explains that he has already, and the law will remain the law. Later in the scene, Wyatt accepts Doc's invitation to the Shakespeare play to be performed that evening.

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Truly taking honor in his new position, Wyatt does many things to maintain order in Tombstone. Some of these things include going out to seek Mr. Shakespeare in order to keep the people from trashing the theater, saving Mr. Shakespeare from Ike and the other Clanton brothers, putting drunken Doc Holliday to bed when he could have been potentially very rowdy, and standing up for Clementine when Doc tells her to get out of town in front of the church crowd. The other Earp brothers don't get much of a chance to show their valor, however Virgil is an exception. Showing courage he chases after Billy Clanton who recently had attempted to murder Chihuahua, and even enters to Clanton home to make sure that justice is served. Although this is a more naïve action than something that Wyatt would do, it certainly shows how pure and untainted Virgil was. While the Earps play the protagonists (Wyatt obviously drawing the focus), the Clantons play the antagonists, and they make it clear from the very start. At the very beginning of the movie, Old Man and Ike Clanton are looking down on the Earps as they drive their cattle through the rough terrain near Tombstone. The music in the background dawns a sinister theme so that the viewer knows that these men can't be trusted. Old Man Clanton indirectly encourages Wyatt to go into Tombstone that night so the Clanton boys can eventually steal the Earp's herd since it couldn't be bought. When they see Wyatt later on, the Clantons act uneasy and make it clear that they are the main suspects for the crime of rustling and murder. Also, they accentuate the protagonist role of Wyatt when he tells them his name. They wonder what kind of trouble they got themselves into when they find out that they miffed the famous sheriff from the East. The Clantons do many things to accentuate their sinister role and keep the viewer guessing when their guns are going to come out blazing. The Clanton boys keep the Shakespeare actor hostage when they've had too much to drink. Ike deliberately tries to defy Wyatt and keep the actor when Wyatt delivers justice to the situation. Later on, the Clantons line up at the bar in a menacing manner right before Wyatt chases after Doc Holliday. To add a nice touch, Old Man Clanton cracks his whip to indicate they he would like to have his boys served. However, toward the end of the film, the Clantons get to be less subtle. We find out that Billy Clanton killed James, which then triggers him to shoot Chihuahua. After that, Billy is mortally wounded by Virgil, but Virgil then walks right into a trap and Old Man Clanton kills him with a shotgun blast. The Clantons then drop off the dead Virgil and indicate the battleground, the O.K. Corral, where the family feud would be settled. Chihuahua then dies from Billy's gunshots, which then brings Doc Holliday into the feud. After the gunfight ensues, Old Man Clanton tries yet another one of his miserable tricks and gets killed immediately. So where does Doc Holliday belong in all this? Well, it is hard to say until he joins the Earps at the end to help them avenge James, Virgil, and Chihuahua. At the beginning of the film it seems almost as if Doc would act as the antagonist in this story, however he never really gets under the skin of Wyatt enough for anything violent to transpire (except for the misunderstanding which led to Wyatt beating him in a gunfight). Doc Holliday seems to be a man that once was something greater, but somehow lost it along the way. He doesn't quite seem himself when he is bullying people around and being generally unpleasant. His actions definitely make one wonder about where his life went wrong.When Wyatt first gets to meet Doc Holliday, he throws the card dealer out for the second time. Soon after this, Wyatt is forced to confront him because the card game dissolves. Doc then proceeds to threaten Wyatt with the statements relating to the size of graveyards in the area. However, Doc does seem to be somewhat of a gentlemen throughout the confrontation. He buys the Marshal a drink, but eventually draws his gun on Wyatt. After finding out that Wyatt is somewhat strict and old-fashioned with his law enforcement, he states, I see we're in opposite camps marshal. Draw! Then, after meeting the other Earps, he buys them all a drink and invites Wyatt to go to the Shakespeare play. He really keeps the viewer wondering what's going to set him off next. One could say he's a bit bipolar. So after the Earps and Holliday seem to have had a good time, they head over to the theater to find that the actor is missing and the show can't go on. When they find the Shakespeare actor at the mercy of the Clantons, they listen to him recite the Hamlet speech. Strangely, when the actor seems too tired to continue, Holliday takes over until his cough takes hold of him. He appears to be a cultured man, however he seems to be in a strange place for such worldly tastes. Here we learn for the first time that there indeed must be something more to Doc Holliday.This theme is continued when Clementine, a very pure-seeming woman from out-of-town, arrives and makes Wyatt realize that there is more to know about Doc than he had previously suspected. He takes a liking to Clementine, showing just how honest and true she must be. To the viewer this must seem strange since she appears to be very proud of Doc Holliday. Why is Doc acting like a scoff-law if he's really a brilliant, educated surgeon?Well, not clearing anything up, Doc explains to Clementine, …I'll give you the truth. The man you once knew is no more. There's not a vestige of him left nothing… He never bothers to say why, when, or how this transformation occurred, but it is clear that he is not the man he used to be. Clementine tries to persuade him that he is simply running away from himself, which most likely is the case. If there is another reason, we certainly never learn about it. After the confrontation with Clementine, Doc scoffs, Doctor John Holliday and then proceeds to smash one of his degrees in drunken frustration. Later, Wyatt has to put him to bed to keep him from doing something completely irrational.Doc does a lot of things that make him seem unstable and even put him under suspicion for the murder of James, not to mention the loss of the cattle. Doc, like a teenager, has an outburst where he tells Clementine to get out of town in front of the church crowd. Earlier he had told Chihuahua that he would take her to Mexico, but he takes off the next without her. When Chihuahua goes hysterical and causes a commotion in Clementine's room, Wyatt gets her under control and then finds James' chingadara on her. She then places the blame on Doc, and everything seems to fall into place. Little does Wyatt know that all the evidence is merely circumstantial besides Chihuahua's claim (which turns out to be false). Poor Doc can't even live up to his contrived reputation and looses the gunfight which ensues after Wyatt's long chase after him. But once Chihuahua's lie is cleared up and she is shot, Doc gets his chance to actually do some good. His operation seems successful, but eventually proves inadequate when Chihuahua passes away. Doc then scoffs again, Doctor John Holliday and then wonders, When do we start? referring to the gunfight versus the Clantons at the O.K. Corral. However, Doc fails (once again) in the fight because of his cough. Actually, he does manage to shoot one of the brothers, but nonetheless, comes out as performing quite patheticly. So Doc Holliday does clear his name and is removed from suspicion to join the protagonists in this film. However, he is not made of the same stuff as the Earp brothers are. Doc did not succeed as either scoff-law or surgeon in the film. It really makes Wyatt's statement, What kind of a town is this anyway?… make a lot of sense. What kind of man is Doc anyway? It really seems clear that he was running away from himself, and his ineffective surgery could be attributed to lack of practice since he left the East. The alternative does not seem likely; Doc Holliday was not a successful scoff-law in any way (at least for the duration of My Darling Clementine). It seems that he hurt Clementine because he was afraid of success. Maybe he didn't like the fast-paced lifestyle of a doctor, however being a thug can't be much of a relaxing occupation. Doc Holliday, if he had the chance to live, might have been able to muster up some semblance of his productive life. However, in this film he did nothing but follow a somewhat downward spiral.

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The Ineffectiveness of Formal AIDS Education

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In opposition of many academic scholars' opinions, we should not feel that the increase in knowledge and awareness of AIDS in today's youth will put this generation at a lower risk of contracting the disease. Many of the academic elite on the study of AIDS agree with Uzi Brook's statement that the "importance of adequate knowledge about AIDS in relation to infection control is evident" (7). However, I disagree with this statement. The younger generation maybe more learned on the subject of AIDS, but they also carry with them a perceived vulnerability about contracting the disease. With seventy to eighty percent of school children having a sufficient amount of knowledge on the subject, many narrow minded adults are lead to believe that these young people apply this knowledge to their everyday lives (Brook 75). The reality, however, is that today's youth is "experiencing a growth rate of HIV infection" (Crosby 186). Though the amount of knowledge about AIDS is generally increasing, academic knowledge on the disease is not enough to motivate today's youth to remain aware of high-risk factors. According to Crosby, "knowledge alone is not enough to produce a change in outcome; however it is the first step in labeling high-risk behavior" (187). Many of today's youth view the textbook facts about AIDS as a fantasy or an issue in which they will never have to face. Teens often participate in high-risk activities like drinking and driving or drug abuse because they feel that "bad stuff" only happens to others; similarly, the new generation believes that AIDS remains an issue for social deviants and not young people rebelling against the norm or expressing themselves during their adolescent years. Frequently, adolescents fail to change knowledge into action, "once [this] dissonance appears, it must be accelerated to a threshold that will move the client from thinking to feeling" (Crosby 187). Meaning that young people are more affected and more likely to be aware of risks when they actually witness an AIDS patient dying or suffering, rather than just reading statistics. The visual impact on the mind of a youth is more deeply embedded in the memory than that of numerous statistics and readings on the issue. DiClemente and his colleagues conducted a study providing a prime example of such an unrealistic attitude in young people toward the contraction of AIDS or HIV. They tested the attitude toward HIV in sexually active tenth graders in rural and urban areas. Although the rural students had more knowledge of the virus, were increasingly sexually active, and had little to no contact with actual AIDS patients, one hundred percent of them thought of themselves as incapable of contracting the disease. In comparison, inner city students who were sexually active and had less knowledge, but were in contact with the reality of AIDS were more aware of the risks and realism of the virus ("AIDS" 117). Therefore, interaction with victims of AIDS proves to be more effective than merely academic knowledge, disproving the common belief that "accurate knowledge about AIDS will reduce risk behavior" (Brook 7). In fact of the students formally educated, in a school environment, on the risks of AIDS and how to avoid them - only fifteen percent of them were provoked to change their high-risk activities and further protect themselves. According to statistics, the United States is doing an excellent job providing students with the facts of the AIDS virus, however these studies fail to report that result of these teachings on students. As Crosby states, "transmitting basic intellectual information is the mode in schools and in health education," in other words, the schools teach their students just the basics and required information (186). This lackadaisical method of conveying the seriousness of the virus greatly affects the students' comprehension on the subject. The monotony of continuous lecture and textbook reading creates disinterest and negligence in the students. The ineffectiveness of the education of AIDS is, in part, related to the parents of school-aged children. Parents often want to shelter their children and distort reality to ease the growing-up process. Sheltering, however, allows "adolescents to enjoy living in their personal fairy tales as long as their fairy tales are not challenged by reality" (Crosby 18). When such over-protected adolescents are exposed to temptations such as sexual relations or the offering of drugs, they do not think to apply their academic education to such pleasurable and rebellious circumstances. It is this naivety that allows young people, well educated on the AIDS virus, to unconsciously come into contact with the disease believed to be distant.

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For almost twenty years AIDS has plagued the world, the virus has manipulated the population physically and mentally. The panic of the virus' initial outbreak created a rush for the population to learn as much as possible about the virus. As this knowledge was passed on and taught to the following generation, the reality of the virus was taken for granted and not considered a reality. Many scholars, however, believe that because the students are excelling at the academic and factual knowledge of AIDS they are learning and living a low risk lifestyle. Unfortunately, the students with the most factual knowledge are not applying this to their everyday lives and are continuing to participate in high risk activities, unlike those that are exposed to the reality of the disease and its victims. Conclusively, proving that the risk of AIDS is just as great, if not greater, today as it was nearly two decades ago, regardless of the increase in general public knowledge of the disease.

Please note that this sample paper on The Ineffectiveness of Formal AIDS Education is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The Ineffectiveness of Formal AIDS Education, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college papers on The Ineffectiveness of Formal AIDS Education will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Ethics in accounting

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EthicsAs professionals, accountants have an obligation to themselves, their colleagues, their clients and their organisation to adhere to high standards of ethical conduct. In today's society ethics is growing rapidly in importance and gaining higher recognition of one of

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the important accounting issues. This may be largely due to the highly publicized Enron, HIH and OneTel collapses. These cases clearly highlight the need for ethical behaviour and is shown in the knowledge of ethics that the undergraduates are being forced to learn. The more publicised ethics is, the greater awareness of the problem, and the higher the chance is of getting rid of unethical behaviour.Question 1It is becoming increasingly evident that all members, registered graduates and affiliates need to be mindful of the everyday ethical issues that may arise when performing client services. The following are the ethical issues that appear in the case study.NINA#Receiving gifts. The main ethical issue is whether Nina should in fact take the bribe or not.#Due to John Sneaky's proposal to manipulate the financial statements, it has placed considerable pressure on Nina to misrepresent the financial statements by ignoring the fraudulent material.#There are external conflicts of interest with her employer, her client and he community obligations. Due to Nina's expensive lifestyle she has personal financial restraints that could play an influential role in her decision.#Using inside information and her position for personal gain. Nina is thought to be a competent employee such that she could use her responsibility for personal gains.#Nina has to consider whether she has an adequate degree of competence and training to exercise an informed judgment and provide professional due care. Nine has not yet acquired her CPA or any other degree of equivalent qualification, obtained little or no training and levels of supervision are minimal. This emphasises the need for her to seek proper professional guidance.#Having to obey unethical instructions from a higher superior. Nina has been placed by Tom to carry out a due diligence assessment, knowing that she has not got the proper training and expertise. Is Nina capable of presenting a professional judgment in this area and how will she tackle the problem of the unethical behaviour?JOHN SNEAKY#Proposing a payment to offset illegal activity. A most serious ethical issue.#Abuse of position to achieve personal gain. He holds a level of responsibility, which allows him the ability to have access to manipulate the financial reports.#Dishonest behaviour. John is lying to all of the stakeholders involved.#The manipulation of financial information and therefore deceiving users about the honesty of the reported data.#Separation of duties. The data shows a lack of controls protecting the reliability of the payroll system. This has made it easier for John to engage in the manipulation of data.#Conflict of interest. John Sneaky has an opportunity to benefit financially from his fraudulent behaviour, which is compromising the interests of all stakeholders involved.TOM MCDONALD#Fee problems. Overcharging the client is unethical and it seems he may have been doing this on more than one occasions.#Failure to maintain technical competence in the discharge of professional duties. He should not have placed Nina Wong on a due diligence role when he knew that she was inadequately trained for such a position.#Failure to provide adequate professional services. The firms responsibility is to perform at a professional level. Tom should be encouraging his workers to achieve levels of quality and there should be measures in place to make sure clients are not overcharged. There is a need for separation of duties. This may help to reduce the amount of unethical behaviour in the firm.#He fails to balance appropriately the level of responsibility and cost control while maintaining a fair working environment. It seems Tom may have reduced levels of training, support and supervision for his workers.Question .It is outlined in the case study that Nina has currently graduated from university with a degree in Accounting and is currently enrolled in her CPA program. This qualifies her as a registered graduate or affiliate such that she is bound by the standards of practice and professional conduct. This is outlined in Section A. Compliance; where it states that it is mandatory for her to comply with the Code of Professional Conduct. Any non-compliance, which will be apparent if she accepts the $10,000 bribe, can lead to disciplinary proceedings as provided in Article 7 of the Society's articles of Association and By-law 40 of the institute. Also in Section A.6 Resolution of Ethical Conflicts; Nina is required to terminate any conflict of interests that may occur. There is no evidence of Nina trying to resolve her personal conflicts with achieving financial gain on her attempts to avoid pressures from both her superior, Tom McDonald or her client, John Sneaky. Nina has also not pursued any further advice on the situation which is recommended under both Section A.6 and Section A.5 Assistance to members; which outlines a procedure to seek guidance when in doubt of what action to take from their divisional or state director. When considering the fundamental principles in Section B of the Code, Nina will be breaching the following policies;B.1 The Public Interest This section requires Nina to consider the best interests of her clients as long as it does not compromise her responsibility to the community and any legal requirement. If Nina participates in fraudulent behaviour she will be violating the levels of trust that she holds with the public in creating reliable documents. Not only is she jeopardizing her credibility and the professions respectability but she will be partaking in an illegal activity just to fill her client's requests. Thus it is clear that Nina will be breaching her duty to consider public interests.B. Integrity This subsection states that all members must be straightforward, honest and sincere in their approach to professional work. However, if Nina accepts John Sneaky's bribe, her behaviour will be nothing but dishonest. The fact that Nina's justification for carrying out the bribe consists of gaining financial wealth and to avoid conflict of interests with her co-workers, makes her intentions nothing but sincere.B Objectivity As mentioned before, Nina had external pressures placed upon her from her need for financial stability, her need to comply with her superior's wish for job allocation? Also to reduce conflict with her client which may escalate if she chooses to take the ethical alternative. These influences are blurring and need to take on an objective view of the situation, thus she would be breaching her objective requirement on accepting the bribe.B4 Professional Independence (Section F1) the accounting professional relies heavily on the perception of independence to sustain its credibility. Thus if Nina accepts the $10,000 bribe she will be breaching the requirement to present information that is free of any interest which is incompatible with objectivity. As mentioned under Section B, Nina would be compromising her objectivity on her client's reports to for her own circumstances.B6 Technical & Professional Standards (Section E) Nina's fraudulent behaviour conflicts with the technical and professional standards that are outlined in Section E of the Code. Her actions would lead to a breach in Statement APS1 of Conformity, By-Laws 40-4 that cover the discipline feature and By-Laws 601-604 on Professional Conduct. Nina's conduct would also infringe PP that encompasses the preparation of legal documents and would be ignoring the need to report John Sneaky's deceitful behaviour under regulation N6.B7 Competence and Due Care- Someone in Nina's position has a duty of care to provide and maintain professional knowledge and ability to ensure a competent level of performance is achieved. The duty of care is not only owed to Nina's clients and employer but also society itself. In Nina's case, she has been required to take on a due diligence assessment even though she lacks the level of competence required by this section. Hence she would be breaching this fundamental principle of the code. The importance of this section is also emphasised in section C4, which states the minimum level of competence, is what is specified in the Society's By-Laws and Professional Schedule/ Institute Regulations.B8 Ethical Behaviour- Under this section it states that all members must act in a manner that is consistent with the good reputation of the accounting profession. Nina would be acting completely unethically if she partakes in the deceitful behaviour requested of her.Question .Moral reasoning changes over time as their moral development matures. Kohlberg outlines this in his model of the stages of Cognitive and Moral Development. At each stage of the model a particular type of reasoning dominates. Individuals advance through the stages of moral reasoning at different rates of speed. The stages occur in an invariant sequence and are universal to all. If Nina chose not to accept the bribe she would be doing so under each stage for the following reasons.Level A- Pre Conventional LevelThis level gives rise to moral reasoning, which is extremely self-centered where the force behind decisions made is personal gain.Stage 1 Punishment and ObedienceThe right or wrong is determined by physical consequences of one's choice.Nina would choose not to accept the bribe so that she would avoid punishment that would occur if she were caught out. Such punishment could include loss of job and fines.Stage Individual Instrumental Purpose and ExchangeThe right action is to serve one's or others own needs and making fair deals in terms of concrete exchanges.Nina would choose not to accept the bribe so that she can seek equality with others.Level B- Conventional LevelThis level incorporates the notion of living within a society and adhering to social order.Stage Mutual Interpersonal Expectations, Relationships and Conformity.Behaviour is directed at pleasing or helping others and is approved of by them. It is the desire to please others, being concerned about other people's feelings, keeping loyalty and trust and being motivated to follow rules and expectations. Thus Nina would choose not to accept the bribe so that she can project an image of good behaviour to her colleagues.Stage 4 Social System and Conscience MaintenanceThis stage is directed towards authority. Doing ones duty to society and upholding the social order. Nina would choose not to accept the bribe so that she is abiding to authority set down before her and maintain a behaviour that meets the fixed rules of social order.Level C- Postconventional and Principled LevelThis level defines moral values and principles of behaviour. It moves to a more spiritual awareness of social independence and interdependence.Stage 5 Prior Rights and Social Contract or UtilityThere is a compliance with standards that have been socially determined. There is an emphasis on legally defined behaviour. Nina would choose not to accept the bribe so as to stay within legal reason and not to break contractual obligations. Thus she would avoid any law suits being brought against her.Stage 6 Universal Ethical Principals. This assumes compliance to universal ethical principles that all humanity should follow. Nina would not accept the bribe at this stage due to her own conscience and the effect that it would have on her mind in the future. Ie guilt. She would also not accept the bribe so that justice would not be violated.

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Positive Thinking Makes Good Memories

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Positive Thinking Makes Good MemoriesOne of the consequences of negative thinking, of failing to see the bright side, is the creation of unpleasant memories. I went on a vacation to an intriguing place, but I was disappointed by a few things, like spartan hotel rooms and bad meals. Now when I look back and remember my trip, the first memories that pop up into my mind are those of my irritation. The vacation was a once-in-a-lifetime experience, and I tainted it with my pessimism. But, on the bright side, I did learn something! Solutions A Pleasant SurpriseMy view of life has been centered around the sense that problems demand quick solutions, and that happiness is merely a matter of finding solutions to every problem, and that one of these days I can find all the solutions, and then there will be no more problems, and then I will be happy finally. I am beginning to realize that if I expect to find all the solutions to all my problems, I will never be happy. What does it take to be happy, most of the time? Help with essay on Positive Thinking Makes Good Memories

I went to a movie expecting it to stink, but I actually enjoyed it. I remembered going to see a movie that I expected to be fantastic, and it stunk. Maybe life is something like a movie in this same way. When I expect to find a solution to every problem, I end up feeling very disappointed, because of course problems continually arise and solutions are not always possible. But, if I know and accept that kind of thing, happiness is easier to find. And solutions are like entertaining movies, a pleasant surprise. Maintaining an attitude of playfulness may at first seem inappropriate for problem solving, but intuitive problem solving is basically a creative process, and is more easily activated when critical judgement is suspended. -- Frances E. Vaughan

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Romeo and Juliet

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Throughout the play Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare uses pride to develop his characters and give us a better feel as to how these characters act. What is pride though? Pride is self- respect or being pleased with ones self for an accomplishment. But, it can also be extreme

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arrogance. One such character who exhibits this negative pride is Mercutio, one of Romeos dearest friends. Mercutio is a cruel spiteful person who picks on other people. He is especially cruel to Juliets nurse, Good Peter, to hide her face; for her fans the fairer face. ( act , scene 4) Mercutio in saying this is not only maliciously insulting a poor old woman, but he is showing arrogant pride in his general appearance. Another character that shows this type of arrogance is Paris. Paris, who is convinced he is some sort of suave debonair ladies man, believes that he not only can, but will woo Juliet, a young woman that he has talked to merely twice. Paris, at one point, even tries to convince Juliet that she does love him, Do not deny to him that you love Me. (act 5, scene 1) Friar Laurence, although he means well, also exhibits this form of pride combined with haughty arrogance. He wants to end the feud between the Capulets and the Montagues. He tries to do this by marrying Romeo and Juliet. He also thinks that he is some sort of hero, and that he is the only one who can end the feud. He also often talks to others in a very demeaning tone. Here he beckons to Romeo, Romeo, come forth, thou fearful man. Affliction is enamored of thy parts. (act scene ) Friar Laurence speaks very little like a Friar, and very much like a rich person or royalty. Shakespeare often uses pride to develop characters, but is this enough to fully understand the nature of the character? Mercutio is the most spiteful person in the play. He uses these insults to boost his own ego, and brag to others. This bragging shows that Mercutio has arrogant pride in himself. Mercutio sometimes comes right out and brags about himself. He even sometimes will brag aboutuntrue things about himself. Here he says such a line, Nay, I am the very pink of courtesy. (act , scene 4) This is very untrue since he is very disrespectful, and in the very same scene, he says and does many disrespectful things to Juliets nurse. Here he even goes so far to say and do some very dirty things to the poor woman No hare, unless a hare in a lenten pie, that is... stale and hoar... Farewell ancient woman. (scene , act 4) This shows how insensitive Mercutio is and how in insulting an older woman, he is bragging about his youth. This does show pride but, it also show that Mercutio might have not very much confidence. Paris is the most stereotypical character in the whole play. He is one part shallow, materialistic, ambitious, and one part suave debonair ladies man (at least in his mind.) He courtsJuliet entirely through Juliets dad. He in total only talks to her about twice, and the fact that hethinks that he can woo Juliet into love and marriage shows that he has lots of pride in himself andconfidence in what he does. Here he tells Juliet that she will love him that...must be, love, onThursday next. (act 4, scene 1) This shows that Paris has no idea that someone could actuallydislike him. This thought that everyone likes him shows how much pride in himself andconfidence Paris has. It also shows that Paris is kind of flighty. Paris is not completely clear onthe law. He sees Romeo and even though he has no authority, he goes up to this misunderstoodcriminal and attempts to put him under citizens arrest I do defy thy conjurations and apprehendthee for a Felon. (act 5 , scene ) Paris must be very brave to do something like this. Romeoobviously is tougher and stronger because right after he tries to put him under citizens arrest,Romeo kills him. Even though he dies from this encounter, Paris still has pride because if he didnot believe in himself he would not have tried to stop Romeo. Often great pride leads to apainful downfall. Friar Laurence, unlike Mercutio and Paris, is a good character. He does things for less self benefit than the other characters. He has something to gain from the end of the feud, but it is only because he wants to be known as the man who ended this conflict. He is, however, arrogant in the sense that he thinks that he is the only one who can bring peace to his community. Here, he tells Romeo his plans to return him from exile and make everything better, Blaze your marriage,reconcile your friends, beg pardon from the prince, and call thee back with twenty hundredthousand times more joy than thou wentst forth in lamentation. (act , scene 4) Friar Laurenceseems to have so much pride in himself, that he believes he can fix the entire community. In Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare often uses the tool of personality traits like pride in developing his characters. He often does this by exaggerating the persons actions in such a way that the persons happiness, sadness, or in this case great pride is present. Mercutio showed pride in the form of bragging about himself. He also often insulted others as a way to brag subtly to the people around him. This shows not only pride but also a lack thereof. Paris shows pride when he believes that he is some sort of Casanova. He actually has the nerve to tell Juliet that she loves him. This gives us the insight that he does not have to deal with rejection often. Friar Laurence is also full of pride. He often speaks like someone who is much higherup on the social ladder. Also it seems that he believes that he is the best or only man for the jobof ending the communitys conflict. This pride that he shows reveals that he just wants to stopthe fighting between the Capulets and Montagues. In conclusion, knowing whether or not acharacter has great pride in himself, his actions, appearance, or how well he performs his job canhelp to develop qualities about a character.

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Please describe the time in your life in which you learned something of the greatest value to you. Tell us how that experience, the process as well as the people involved, has influenced your continued learning, your goals, and your ability to reach those

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Please describe the time in your life in which you learned something of the greatest value to you. Tell us how that experience, the process as well as the people involved, has influenced your continued learning, your goals, and your ability to reach those. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Please describe the time in your life in which you learned something of the greatest value to you. Tell us how that experience, the process as well as the people involved, has influenced your continued learning, your goals, and your ability to reach those paper right on time.

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I closed my eyes and wondered how it had come to this. Just five months before, I had been a healthy, normal teenage girl with friends that I could trust and a life that I loved. Now I woke up every morning wishing I were anyone but myself. I looked back at my naked body through the mirror and did my normal nightly routine scrutinizing every one of my physical flaws. I saw my mother's wide hips and ugly, bony feet in me. I saw my father's corpulent arms and massive thighs intertwined in my genetics. I had worked so hard the past year to lose the fat I had been condemned for by kids since I first started school. Now I was thirteen years old and at my healthiest. However, it was at my physical healthiest that my mind set was at its unhealthiest. I was so used to dieting that I didn't know how to stop it for fear of gaining the weight back. So I didn't. I kept losing the weight. Now here I am, every night, looking at my skin and bones, wondering how much longer it will take to lose the rest of the fat on my protruding hip bones and spine.I couldn't understand why my mom cried over me, telling me to eat; why people I didn't even know flinched when they saw me; or why every counselor at school had me seeing them more often than ever before, asking if there were problems at home. I wanted everyone to mind their own business. This was about me. This is what I did for myself. Being thin was my award for my hard work. This was my Oscar, my Nobel Peace Prize, my Tony, and I wouldn't let anyone take that away from me. Sure it came with consequences-- all good things do. I was so cold all the time that I had to wear at least three layers of clothing (not that it helped; I didn't realize that the problem was internal). My skin was constantly dry from lack of nutrition and scabby from when I scratched it. Hand lotion didn't help; it only seeped into the scabs and made it hurt more. My hair was falling out rapidly, and I had such thin hair that you could almost see my skull. I couldn't concentrate on anything except food. If I thought about a different subject for more than thirty seconds, I always remembered to congratulate myself. It hurt to sit or lean against anything solid because my bone and the solid object would just pinch my skin. I couldn't rest my back on a chair because my shoulder bones were sticking out too far, but I only found these characteristics intriguing. It's what models had. I felt like a super model. The day I agreed to see a doctor for my problem was the day before Christmas. I didn't understand what any doctor could do for me. The Irish in me made me as stubborn as a bull, and the mere thought of being made to eat had me tense. I went to the doctor on New Year's Eve, not knowing what to expect. I pulled up to a building next to a lake with beautiful rose bushes surrounding the place. I was never colder than I was that day going into the office. The next few months afterwards are more of a blur than a memory. The little that I do remember consists of tears and fighting over foods that ranged from grapes to ice cream. What most people find pleasurable was also my worst fear and I had to experience it day in and day out. It wasn't until after I had been seeing a nutrionist for four months and a therapist for five months that I showed signs of becoming better. I started eating again, and although I still had to follow a food guide made just for myself, my life was starting to look better again.

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I will never be the same with food again. I will always fear that something will make me too fat and sometimes I will not eat. However, the strength in me always overcomes the mental illness of my anorexia. I don't let magazines tell me what I should look like; I don't let the pretty thin girl at school make me feel bad for what I look like. I may not look my healthiest, but I definitely feel my healthiest and that's really all the counts. That is my true Oscar.

Please note that this sample paper on Please describe the time in your life in which you learned something of the greatest value to you. Tell us how that experience, the process as well as the people involved, has influenced your continued learning, your goals, and your ability to reach those is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Please describe the time in your life in which you learned something of the greatest value to you. Tell us how that experience, the process as well as the people involved, has influenced your continued learning, your goals, and your ability to reach those, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Please describe the time in your life in which you learned something of the greatest value to you. Tell us how that experience, the process as well as the people involved, has influenced your continued learning, your goals, and your ability to reach those will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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