Retirement

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Internet Sourcehttp//www.findarticles.comUSA Today Magazine Jan, 00SUMMARY

This article sums up many of the aspects of retirement as it is today. The article emphasizes the changes in retirement from how it is today, to how it will be for the coming up generation of retirees. When people of our generation retire, they will have to use more of their own money to live off of. Companies are not paying as much and social security benefits are declining. Also, people live longer now. If they retire at age 65, they could live to be 100 years old. That is a lot of years to fund all the activities retired persons like to engage in. Also, jobs are not, as a whole, as physically demanding as they once were. Therefore, people aren't as tired when they retire and are up for doing more traveling and activities. The article talks about hobbies, traveling, returning to school, and volunteer work as examples of things retirees enjoy. It goes on to say that an adult might want to "practice" at retirement by getting started doing some of the hobbies they plan to do when they retire. After that, the article goes into the aspects of making sure they leave money for their children when they die. In the past this was something of great importance. However, the article suggests that since people live longer they may want to be more generous when they are living and let their kids use the money when they are younger and need it more. People who retire in the future, it says, may also want to gradually quit working. That may mean switching to a lower paying career or just gradually cutting back hours. This could help those who retire financially or just because they enjoy a lot of the aspects of working. The last thing the article discusses is that future people retiring will be healthier. Therefore, they will be able to do more things and retirement will be a whole new stage of life. COMPARISON The text also discusses retirement but has some different views that the article. The first difference in the text and the article is that the article begins with stating that retirement is a right of passage through which most elderly pass. It says that retirement affects the individual's status, income, privileges, power, and prestige. Then, it goes on to discuss the different attitudes people have about retirement which the article does not really touch on. The book says that individuals who have a positive attitude toward retirement are those who have a pension waiting for them, are married, have planned for retirement, and have high self-esteem. It also says that few regard work as a privilege. Although the article doesn't right out say that some people do see work as a privilege, it does say that some people find work enjoyable and necessary, and would like to make the retirement process gradual. The text says that people more likely to retire sooner than others are those who are married women, persons in blue-collar or manual labor jobs, and the less educated. The article didn't discuss which types of people would retire sooner. The text also had a section that talked about the "phases" of retirement, which the article didn't have. These phases start with the pre-retirement phase where the individual thinks about and begins separating from coworkers and the job. The next phase is the actual retirement and then a honeymoon period. The honeymoon period, it says, is where people who are physically and financially able, take the vacations they have always wanted. However, the text says they will do this until their money runs out. The article emphasizes, on the other hand, careful planning so they money doesn't run out and people can enjoy vacations throughout retirement. The book also has a section discussing life insurance. The article talks about leaving money for their kids when they die also. Overall, the text discusses retirement as it is for people retired today whereas the article is talking about the changes in retirement and how it will be in the future. CRITIQUE This is a really good article for people to read, especially younger people who are working today. It can give them good ideas for how retirement is going to be and to help them start planning so their retirement will go smoothly. I can see how a lot of things that the article discusses are true for people in my family. My grandpa is seventy years old and still refuses to retire although he doesn't need the money. He is one of those people who enjoy working and it keeps him healthy. However, he is going to start gradually retiring here soon which is one thing the article talked about. My dad is one of those people who will have to have activity once he retires. He will have to plan well for all the golf games he will want to play. The article is right. The retirement process is changing and we need to realize that. We need to plan well and be prepared for many non-working years to fund. Some more research could be done to make this article even more interesting. Maybe some statistics on the amount of money the average retired couple spends on traveling and activities when they retire would be good. Also, a discussion on how retirement differs for single or widowed people as compared to married retirees would be interesting.

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The Day The WHole WOrld Went Away

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The warm sensation rushed from my body as my cover was ripped away from my skin. The flourish of the music pouring from the radio combined with the chants fleeing from my mother's mouth swelled in my ears, sending that aggravating signal to the brain that it was time to wake up. My body managed to turn despite the complete lack of motion. I reached for the place that my cover had resided, finding nothing but my left leg. Screams of my name swept through my head, consuming the islands of sleep with tides of light that erupted from the outside world. As I rejoined the world of the living, I found myself in landscape of ruins in my own room and my own house, and I did not c are. I looked up to my clock lingering above my head. The glowing, red 70 stared at me, giving me that look of disappointment that I had become so accustomed to. Obscenities fled from my mouth as I unwrapped myself from my covers, tripping over my table that held a plate of now-cold eggs and room temperature milk that my mom had apparently gotten up early to prepare for me. I tried to avoid knocking over the glass, but it had already happened. The cup lay on its side, as a waterfall of white fluid rushed over the edge of the table. I neglected the mess, intending to clean it up later. I discovered myself drowning in the same dreary routine as I stumbled to my closet, stripping a shirt from its hanger. Running to the bathroom, I swept up a pair of pants that I had worn the previous day. I dressed myself, gave my teeth a quick swipe with my toothbrush, and ran some water through my hair, drenching my shirt with the excess. I flipped the light switch and ran up the stairs two at a time, tripping over the shoestrings that dangled beneath my pants. I conquered the stairs and ran to the kitchen, specifically the refrigerator. I went for the door, noticing a piece of paper attached with the incessantly annoying smiley face magnet "Hope you enjoyed your breakfast. I'll see you when you get home from school. Have a good day. I love you, Mom."

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I continued to open the door and grabbed the milk jug. I went to the cabinet, pulled a cup from the shelf, and poured the milk into the cup. I went to the second flight of stairs and yelled for my brother. "I was supposed to be at school five minutes ago," my brother bellowed back to me as he came down the stairs. I ignored his comments as I left the house, locking the door behind me. School was the same. People were eager to get the closest parking spots. I pulled around, finally seeing a place that everyone had overlooked. I sped into the space, barely missing the opening door of the car next to me. My brother evacuated the car, not thanking me for the ride. I remained in the car, watching the crystalline drops of rain that had begun to fall on my window. I love the rain; at least I had one thing good in my life today. Yet, sometimes I wondered if what we perceive as rain is really God's crying at the sight of what His Creation had become. I eventually left the car and headed to my group of friends. I stood and listened to their conversations. It was the usual discussing of which girls are "hot." I hate these types of conversations. I can't believe that they would push a girl down to the level of being "hot." I choose to issue the word of beautiful to describe them. Beautiful is such a more delicate, yet powerful word to describe a girl. I watched the flocks of people maneuver their way across the sidewalk. There was the girl. I had no idea who she was. I had no knowledge about her. I didn't even know her name. I saw her walking to class every morning, yet I could not conjure up the strength to bring myself to talk to her. In the midst of a world where everyone's face burns, hers was the one that glows. My friends constantly encouraged me to talk to her, but I couldn't do it. I wasn't sure why though. There was no one else that I was interested in. After all, my girlfriend had broken up with me over three months ago. It wasn't like I still wanted to be with her. It wasn't like I couldn't get over her. It wasn't even that I missed her, but maybe it was that I missed my heart. It was the one thing I had given her that I should've taken back. For some reason, I didn't. Tomorrow, tomorrow I would talk to the girl. Tomorrow I would find out who she was. My friends interrupted my thoughts by questioning my silence. I excused myself as being sick. Being sick was always my excuse. It was better than trying to explain that I sometimes enjoyed silence. People seem to have forgotten that solitude, just as the rain, can still be a good thing. The bell rang. I began walking to class, passing my fellow sheep on my way. Yet, there weren't my fellow sheep; there was something that set me apart from them. She walked toward me. It was me ex-girlfriend. Every time I saw her, our final conversation replayed over and over. I still remember her words of "you'll be an even bigger loser" and "I guess you don't have any self esteem." That had always been my biggest fear, being a loser. I had heard other people say it behind my back, but I never took any thought to it because I didn't care about those people. When I heard it from her, I believed it. I was a loser. As she passed me, I just smiled my usual distant smile. First hour, time to do some work. I hated that class, but it wasn't the work. It was the people. I hadn't talked to anyone in that class since school had started. It wasn't that I didn't want to talk to them, but it was the fact that I was the type of person that they laughed and sneered at. I don't understand what some people think. What was I suppose to think when I was confronted with the question "why are you depressed today?" Do people honestly think that I was depressed all of the time. If it wasn't that, it was the fact that people were amazed when I smiled or laughed. It was as if they expected me to bear no image of happiness, to live my life in depression, and if I wasn't depressed, then I must be lying and faking my happiness. Well, stop it! I hate it! If you don't care to know me, then don't care to mock and torment me! You don't know what you've done to me! You're killing me! I'm dying because of you, and you don't care! You're destroying me! My heart is crumbling! Everyone, go away! I guess it's too late now. Second hour arrived the same time as usual. Today I wasn't going to face it. I traded my trip to class with a trip to the nurse's office. A temperature check and a few fake coughs were enough to send me home. Once again, my "sickness" excused me. I returned home. No one else was there. I went to my room, leaving my lights off. I climbed into my bed and slept. In fact, my body is still lying there. Why can I see myself? Someone's knocking on my door. Wake up and answer the door! Why can't I move? Here comes my mom. She's trying to clean up my mess that I made this morning. Mom, I'll clean it up later. You don't have to do it. Why can't she hear me? Mom! She's pushing my sides to wake me up. Come on, get up! I want up! Mom, stop pushing me. She's putting her hand on my chest. I'm not moving! What is she doing? Mom, who are you calling? Sirens. Why do I hear sirens? People. Who are all of these people? Where. Where am I going? Wires. Why are all of these wires on me? Monitors. What are all of these monitors watching? Crying. Why are my parents crying? Dead. I'm dead. Mom? Dad? What are you looking for? My stuff is all messed up. There's my journal. Those are my thoughts. Mom, please don't read those. If the world was over today, if the Lord came my way, what would I leave behind? What could I give to remind them? I don't want to leave without them knowing, I can't leave without my showing. If I had to go today, here are the things I would have to say Please tell my parents I love them and I'm thankful for all they've gave. I'm sorry for the times of trouble. I'm sorry for the things I took away. Please tell my brother he's not that bad, no matter what we say or do. Like my parents, I love him too. Tell him to remember all I've taught; from the lessons of life to not getting caught. Please tell my friends that they're the best; No matter what happens I would never give them up. I've been there for them and they've been there for me. I hope they know how important their influence will be. Lastly, I save the one whom I love. Please tell her she has me forever and I'll give her all she wants. Tell her I'm sorry for the times I could've been better, the times of happiness and the times of pain. Never forget them. No matter what happens, I shall love you forever.The minister finished reading, and I was closed up forever. The ones that had attended watched. I'm amazed. The number of people present was greater than I could've ever hoped for. Family, friends, and everyone that had ever cared about me were there, even them, both of them - the one I had lost and the one for whom my chance of tomorrow would never come. "It's time to go," I was told as God placed His hand upon my heart. As the people left my service, it began to rain those beautiful crystalline drops. They weren't the tears of God's sadness, but the tears of my happiness that's when I woke up. I could barely move, let alone talk. I was in a bed, what appeared to be in a hospital, numerous wires and IVs coming from my body going to machines and monitors of all sorts. Faint images of my family members stood before me. My mom cried at the sight of my awakening. It turns out I had never made it home that day. It turns out I had left school and gotten into a horrible car accident my truck rolled six times. It turns out I had almost died. Death changes people. Even though I didn't die, I felt like a part of me had. And at the same time, I felt like that empty space had been filled with a new life. People tell me I'm like a different person now - I don't think I look at life like I did before that day. I don't think I ever will. And I'm glad for that.

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Hi

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History tells us that since we have been able to write, our humanrace has had the habit of recording historical tales, or stories. Most ofthe first stories were tales of heroic men, scouring their land in search

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of some noble prize. These stories are known as epics, and they give us anexcellent idea of the lifestyles and basic thought processes of earlyhumans. Along the lines of these epics are the accounts told in the Bible,especially those in the Old Testament. As with the epics, these legendsgive us some spiritual idea of the beginning of time and the accounts ofearly man. If we compare the stories and characters of the first epic, TheEpic of Gilgamesh, with those of the first chapter of the Bible, Genesis,we not only discover some striking similarities, but also some notabledifferences. If there is one thing that all early accounts revolve around, thatis the idea of a divine being or, in other words, god. Early humans wereextremely religious, holding the belief that their very lives were in thehands of their god. This holds true for both the people of biblical timesas well as those of the epic era. However, even as both groups believed ina supreme being, they harbored different feelings and beliefs about thesubject. In the epic, many gods are mentioned and worshiped, such asNinsun and Shamash. These gods can give birth to mortals, and cancommunicate with these mortals, usually through dreams. In Genesis, thereis mention of only one God, a being that created the earth and skies, aswell as humans and wildlife. This god can also communicate with mortals,either through dream or direct conversation. In both cases, the mortalsworshiped the god(s), but in the epic it seemed that the gods were morelikely to be persuaded by their servants. In Genesis, God remains a fairlystrong, static being who, although unwavering, is fair and good to hisfollowers. The main character in the epic is Gilgamesh. He is an extremelypowerful and beautiful man, created by the gods. He is given human-likequalities such as fear, sorrow, mortality, and thirst for knowledge but allin all he behaves like a god. He fights everything that gets in his wayand sleeps with every woman he desires. It is not until his lone friendand companion, Enkidu, dies that he begins to feel scared. He wants tolive forever, so he sets out to find a means to do so. He soon finds thatimmortality is impossible for, although he was created by gods, he cannotbe one of them. Abraham was an important character in the book of Genesis. UnlikeGilgamesh, he was born a normal human, and grew up in the same way. Godkept in contact with him, telling him that his offspring would be numerous.It was thought that Abrahams wife was barren, so he had a child with herslave, and named it Ishmael. However, Abraham and his wife were visited bysome wise men who told them that she would soon produce a child. ThroughAbrahams faith in God, his wife gave birth to a son, Isaac. At this pointGod was still communicating with Abraham. He told him to sacrifice his sonto him. Having nothing but the utmost faith and reverence for his God,Abraham prepared to do so. At the last second, God stopped him, realizingthat Abraham had passed his test of faith. Both Gilgamesh and Abraham looked to their gods for help andguidance. However, as Abraham regarded his god with awe, Gilgamesh almostexpected his gods to give him guidance. While Abraham lived his life inaccordance to his gods commands, Gilgamesh lived his life in accordance towhat he could and could not tame. Overall, there are some differences between the two tales thatmight be overlooked. In the epic, the common people are content servingtheir gods. They make their offerings and in return they are usuallygranted what they ask for. It appears the same way in Genesis, but on someoccasions we see a different light. It sometimes seems that humans arentcontent with their position under God. The very first instance comes whenAdam and Eve eat from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. When they dothis, they are immediately given the ability to discern between right andwrong. The reason that they ate of the tree is because they wanted to bemore like their god. Another instance is when the Tower of Babel is built.It was built so that the people could be closer to heaven, maybe even takeit over. In this way, they also wanted to be like god. While every two selections have their differences, some also havesimilarities. In both stories, both tell the tale of the great flood andthe ark. They do have their differences; in the Bible it rained for fortydays, and in the epic only seven. In Genesis, Adam and Eve try to becomegod-like by eating the forbidden fruit. In the epic, Gilgamesh attempts tobe a god by gaining everlasting life. In both cases, neither succeed. The Epic of Gilgamesh and the Book of Genesis are two of theearliest accounts of human civilization. In their own way, they set anexample of how the population of the past lived. They also set guidelinesfor the way that we could live our lives. By reading of the commitmentthat Abraham made and the mistakes that Gilgamesh and Adam made, we canshape our own lives. Through the differences and similarities, bothaccounts hold as much value for the people of today as they did for thepeople who wrote them.

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MA State Police Airwing

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The Massachusetts State Police Air Wing is a unit within the Department of State Police, which specializes in support of ground police operations through the use of its aircraft. The unit currently consists of 5 helicopters four twin engine American Eurocopter AS55N Twin Star models, and one single engine AS50 Astar. The single engine Astar is the oldest in the fleet, and is used primarily as a training copter for newer pilots and autorotation drills. Autorotation is not practiced in the twin-engine aircraft because it is not endorsed by the factory due to the extremely miniscule odds associated with simultaneous catastrophic failure of both engines. Autorotation is a condition where the main rotor is allowed to spin faster than the engine driving it. All helicopters are fitted with a free wheeling unit between the engine and the main rotor, usually in the transmission. The free wheeling unit will allow the engine to drive the rotors but not allow the rotors to turn the engine. When the engine/s fail the main rotor will still have a considerable amount of inertia and will still want to turn under its own force and through the aerodynamic force of the air through which it is flying. The free wheeling unit is designed in such a way to allow the main rotor to now rotate of its own free will regardless of engine speed. This principle is the same reason that if you are in your car and you push your clutch in, or put it into neutral while the car is still moving, the car will coast along under its own force. This occurs regardless of what you do to the accelerator pedal. The pilot will still have complete control of his descent and his flight controls. The majority of helicopters are designed with a hydraulic pump mounted on the main transmission. As the rotor will still be turning the transmission, the pilot will still have hydraulically assisted flight controls. The pilot will be able to control his descent speed and main rotor RPM with his collective control stick. He will be able to control his main rotor RPM by increasing the collective pitch, which will increase drag on the rotor blades and thereby slow the main rotor. If he needs to increase his rotor RPM, he can decrease his collective pitch therefore decreasing drag. The pilot will usually be able to find a suitable area for a safe landing by normal manipulation of his cyclic control stick and his directional, or tail rotor pedals. Larger helicopters will usually have a generator mounted on the transmission that will still provide electrical power for flight and communication systems.

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Torque effect is the aircrafts tendency to rotate in the opposite direction to the main rotor due to Newtons third law Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. This is the reason why we need a tail rotor or some other form of anti-torque control. The question at hand is what happens to torque effect during autorotation? Well torque effect is directly proportional to the amount of force driving the main rotor, so when the engine fails the amount of force driving the main rotor instantaneously decreases and therefore the torque effect decreases. This being the case the fuselage of the helicopter will tend to rotate due to the sudden lack of torque effect. The pilot will therefore have to immediately manipulate his directional pedals to overcome this problem and retain control of his aircraft. So in conclusion if your helicopters engine/s should fail it is not just possible, but quite easy for the pilot to retain control and land safely and gently. This is the reason many people believe that helicopters are far safer and more fun to fly in than fixed wing aircraft. A fixed wing aircraft will always need forward speed to safely land, with or without an engine operating. A helicopter can be made to land with zero forward speed whether the engine is operating or not. Last year, the Air Wing's helicopters undertook approximately 100 missions, logging in over 000 flight hours. Placed into relative terms, 000+ flight hours is the equivalent of 14 weeks of being airborne for 4 hours a day straight. In addition to its six helicopters, the Airwing operates from two bases and has thirty personnel. Twelve of the members are pilots, of which half were military helicopter pilots. Acquisition of a new helicopter is an expensive undertaking. The complete price tag of one TwinStar is $.175 million. Half of the cost is for the helicopter itself, and half is for the sophisticated equipment installed on it. The helicopter bodies and engines are manufactured in France, and finished in England, with all of the electronic equipment installed there. The copter is then sent back to France where it is disassembled and shipped over to Texas on a barge. At Eurocopter's Texas facility, the helicopter is reassembled, prepped for flight and readied for delivery. Delivery can be arranged in two ways. Either the factory's pilots can fly the helicopter to the customer, or the customer can send its own pilots to Texas to pick up the aircraft and fly it back. Payment for the helicopter is handled in thirds. The first installment is due upon the initial inspection of the build sheet. The second is due when construction of the aircraft has been completed, and the third is due when it is delivered. Fifteen percent of the total purchase price ($476,50.00) is withheld by the State Police until after the copter has been delivered and has been test flown, inspected, and placed into operation. The funding for the purchase of a helicopter is not provided for within the regular State Police budget, nor is it received as a supplemental budget. Helicopter acquisition is funded through the use of Capital Improvement funds whose dollar source is transportation bonds issued by the Commonwealth. The Massachusetts State Police is authorized, through legislation, to make capital improvements through the use of bond money. The money is legislatively appropriated with a spending cap. The spending cap is set by legislation across the Commonwealth for all agencies. The Secretary of Public Safety may authorize $10 million in bonds to be issued per year, generating revenue for large-scale capital improvements. Any given year, under the Secretary's discretion, $10 million can be spent. Every Secretariat has a cap, but the cap levels vary. The cap cannot be exceeded, so every year agencies within the department of Public Safety scramble to get their projects and expenditures approved as part of the $10 million. This year, the Air Wing was approved for the purchase of a sixth TwinStar, but ran up against the spending cap. The State Police needs new cruisers, improvements to the infrastructure of the radio system, and Mobile Data Terminals. These expenditures were expensive enough so as to leave not enough money left over to purchase another helicopter and remain under the cap, so the unit is looking to next year as a possibility. The Air Wing's annual operating budget, excluding salaries, is $700,000. This amount covers leased space, utilities, jet fuel, aircraft parts and operating expenses related to the aircraft. Maintenance personnel are no longer contracted out. The State Police now has its own maintenance personnel hired directly to maintain and service the helicopters. The advantage is that there is now more accountability as well as availability from the mechanics. The helicopters carry a minimum crew of two, consisting of a Pilot in Command (PIC) and a Tactical Flight Officer (TFO). The pilot flies the aircraft and the TFO controls all of the equipment on board. The sophisticated equipment includes an Inframetrics Mark III color camera with a 17 to 1 continuous zoom, a FLIR (forward looking infrared) camera which can detect 1 degree Celsius variation from 1000 feet. An 8mm recorder is able to tape anything which the camera or FLIR sees. A NightSun searchlight is mounted on the underside of the helicopters. It has a 0 million candlepower adjustable beam and is slaved to the FLIR system. Crew members are equipped with NightVision goggles for use during night flying. The copter can provide a microwave downlink to a briefcase receiver. The range to the briefcase receiver is six to thirty miles line of sight and is encryption protected. The briefcase allows an incident commander on the ground below to be able to see a scene from high above. Anything the cameras on the copter can film is capable of being transmitted to the briefcase. This capability is extremely useful in tactical situations where a fly-over of a scene can provide an aerial view in real-time to the commander down below. During the Worcester Cold Storage building fire in 1, this device was employed to downlink infrared images of hot spots in the structure to the Fire Chief who was directing the water cannons. The copter itself can be equipped to help battle forest fires with the Bambi bucket attachment used to scoop water from lakes and dump it out over specific areas for fire suppression. Communications equipment includes three independent radios, which enable the crew to communicate with almost any agency on any frequency. As long as the frequency is known, they can dial into that frequency and transmit and receive directly. A satellite phone ensures that phone calls can be made from the helicopter, even in remote locations which lack standard cellular telephone services. Getting to scenes is made easier through the use of a mapping system on board. This system allows the pilot to input an address or GPS coordinates and track a flight path directly to the location. This display looks much like the online mapping from websites such as "MapQuest." The Airwing runs two shifts per day, every day, from 7am to pm and pm to 11pm. They are also on-call during the overnight hours in the event of an emergency or authorized callout. The Airwing is available to assist the State Police and any other local police agency which requests its services. From land and water rescue, to pursuits and missing person searches and everything in between, an agency simply needs to call and ask for their help. Ideally, the Airwing plans to expand to 6 TwinStar helicopters and add another airbase to provide more convenient and effective coverage for all areas of the Commonwealth.

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"Hamlet" King Claudius - Character Analysis

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In the play Hamlet, King Claudius plays a main character that produces much of the conflict and troubles. King Claudius, at first, displays a smooth, proper, and respected king in his speech in front of the people. He perfectly honors his brother?s death and expresses his happiness in marrying the widowed Queen. But as he goes through his list of people to speak to, he comes to Hamlet, his nephew and now son. King Claudius shows his frustration with Hamlet for the continuation in mourning for his father?s death, and he is rude and tries to act fatherly towards Hamlet. The result is a clash but the King strives to cover his intentions of forgetting his deceased brother even though he unwisely says, ?Why should we in our peevish opposition take [my brother?s death] to heart?(1., lines 100-101)? That is cruel and insensitive towards his family. Later, in the following acts, the readers find that King Claudius was the murderer of his brother so that he gets the Queen and the throne to Denmark. More and more, the true character of Claudius reveals a man bent on achieving his happiness. As Hamlet wants to take action to avenge his father?s murder, the King deceives and lies in an attempt to kill Hamlet so that he won?t lose anything. His selfish motivation and scheming finally exposes his evil deeds and he receives his just punishment. King Claudius contrasts greatly with Hamlet in many ways because the King is unpardonable in his actions and words while Hamlet is justified in his desire to avenge the murder of his father. For example, the King asks Laertes if his father is precious to him ?or are you like the painting of a sorrow, a face without a heart?(4.7, lines 107-10)? The irony is that the King quickly kills his own brother then lustfully marries his sister-in-law to also gain the throne. His very own ?sorrow? was an act while Hamlet psychologically battles his need to quickly obtain revenge or go about it with care and thought (4.7, line 108). King Claudius maliciously performs to gain his ends whereas Hamlet cautiously considers the consequences of a rash revenge on the King. Hamlet remembers his loved friends that remain loyal, and he wishes to save them from harm. For instance, Hamlet succeeds in ostracizing Ophelia to save her from being in the middle of the fight but unfortunately still brings her unintentional harm. On the other hand, King Claudius operates selfishly and uses others. But Hamlet and King Claudius both destroy indirectly the people that they tried to save. Hamlet kills Ophelia?s father, Polonius, so she goes mad and then drowns or commits suicide. The King poisons the drink that is meant for Hamlet but Gertrude drinks it and dies. Hamlet, the tragic hero, obliterates King Claudius? hopes though Hamlet achieves his purpose and expectation for justice. King Claudius deceives all those around him, even the friends and loyal subjects. This strong personal quality ruins his brother?s life, Queen Gertrude, Hamlet, Laertes, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, and many others indirectly. For example, the King states to Gertrude that ?when sorrows come, they come not single spies, but in battalions first, her father slain; next, your son gone, and he most violent author of his own just remove;...?(4.5, lines 78-81). His masquerade of dismal feelings in front of Gertrude leads her to act like she believes or truly believe that he isn?t evil but really looks out for the interests of others. She sees him as sincere in sorrow over the death of Polonius and the taking away of Hamlet, but really he?s glad that his life and possessions aren?t jeopardized. His secret actions and words show the flaws of Claudius. The covert operation that the King plans in England involves ?the present death of Hamlet?(4., line 65). The hidden agenda of the King also explains his drive for his own happiness, safety, power, and freedom. Important evidence that King Claudius betrays others is in his own words that ?my soul is full of discord and dismay?(4.1, line 45). These quotes signify the evil brooding he does and the correct outlook on King Claudius. In every action, King Claudius must take that and turn it for his benefit so that he will win the battle. King Claudius transforms during the play from a superior, powerful, and accurate man to a clumsy, conniving human. His exact nature appears increasingly and his fear swells so that he acts with impatience and a lack of attention on Hamlet?s dealings. The King lets the matters get out of his hands and he loses control. These variations allow Hamlet to act and actually accomplish vengeance so the tragic hero wins. The personality of King Claudius created the conflict by murdering Hamlet?s brother and marrying his mother. King Claudius didn?t think of the consequences but ambitiously hunted and obtained his goals. He wasn?t willing to repent of his many sins and thus his punishment fell on him. The readers find moral lessons and ways to purify themselves by observing King Claudius just like Shakespeare meant it to be.

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Connection between art and history

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In the introduction the connection between art and history is discussed and how art can represent different events in history. Art historians examine certain questions to reveal the history of an art piece. An art historian must determine the age of a piece to be able to its historical context. Some ways to decipher the age of a piece are the materials used, documentary evidence, and the time period of the hairstyle, clothing, furniture etc. depicted in the art. The next question asked is what artistic style is used. Art historians try to identify the period style, regional style and personal style. Next the historian is concerned with identifying the subject of the art. Pictorial subjects are traditionally separated into various categories such as religious, historical, mythological, genre, portraiture, landscape, and still life. The subject of a piece may be determined by Iconography or the "writing of images" which refers to the content and the study of the content in art. It also includes the study of symbols and what they mean. After these questions have been answered a historian will then try to assign or attribute the work to an artist. Many works of art are now signed many works exist whose artist remains unknown. Personal style is the best way to determine who created the work. The final question art historians try to tackle is who the work was made for. The buyer of a may have a lot to do with the content and form of the work. The history of art includes, the history of artists and their works, styles and stylistic change, materials and techniques, images and themes and their meanings, and context, cultures, and patrons. Art historians analyze artworks from many viewpoints and can never be truly objective.

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Style, technique and themes in 'Gary's House'

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EXAMPLE ESSAYQUESTIONWith reference to Garys House , discuss the techniques devised to realise the playwrights artistic and social goals.ANSWER

Garys House illustrates many of the issues and predicaments confronted by Australians today, especially those people who are marginalised by society. The play primarily does this through a style which can be described as selective realism, with naturalistic dialogue counterbalancing the archetypal characters and overtly theatrical devices. The playwrights humanism infuses the play.All the characters represent the little Aussie battler who tries, by his/her own efforts, to rise to a higher social class and survive in a harsh land. The isolation of the bush setting is a metaphor for the emotional and social state of the characters at the start of the play. Gary and Sue-Anne are the first two ragged edges (Act II scene 8) who come together through mutual need to build a community. While Gary, Christine and Dave at first appear dissimilar, it is soon apparent that their roles are parallel, each surviving a dysfunctional family upbringing. Gary in particular might also be said to represent the disenfranchised. Like many of todays refugees and yesterdays Aborigines, he was institutionalised as a child, dependent on government agencies and separated from his family. His struggle to build a home suggests the struggle of so many to create stability and find a meaning to life. His dream is to establish the perfect family he lacked as a child. His apparent failure mirrors the breakdown of the traditional nuclear family in contemporary Australia. His final reappearance suggests, perhaps, survival through adapting new pathways and accepting the need to build a community built on non-traditional ties.The building of the house is a physical and visual metaphor for Garys dreams and his emotional/social relationships ... and those of the other characters caught up by his vision. When he suicides in despair, believing Sue-Anne has left him his and his dream has been extinguished, the house looks deserted, abandoned (start Act II), finding its parallel in the damaged, abandoned house (Act II scene 11) when Christine too finds her plans are spoilt when Sue-Anne chooses to leave, taking Clint to the Central Coast. Christine assaults the house when her initial ideal plan is ruined. When she adapts to a more realistic plan, the house building resumes. The house completion at the end of Act II is mirrored in Garys resurrection, his vision accomplished - if a little modified - and complete family relationships established. The baby is another metaphor for the dream and the relationships. The quickening at the end of scene marks the closeness of Gary and Sue-Anne at that point of the play. Other buildings further depict the state of the characters, notably the motel room in Act 1 scene 5 somewhere. The vagueness of the locale reiterates Christines being in limbo, caught between classes as she is dressed in city clothes but keeping her voice rough, in defiant chip-on-the-shoulder style and isolated in her single room with no home, no relationship, no family except on paper. This is reiterated in the parallel scene in Act . The motel is, fittingly, a transitional place for one on the move towards or from a relationship or self realisation. The pub represents socialisation, as we see Dave and Christine tentatively starting a relationship.Light is a further theatrical device used in the play. Following its religious and traditional association with goodness and warmth, the stage directions often show it is dark when relationships falter (start of Act I scene and when Gary dies and the house is abandoned) but that it is daytime or a gas lamp is lit when the house / relationships are being built or repaired. At the end of Act I, the torch beam shining on Daves face suggests hope in his intervention until he goes out into the darkness (as he has done in the previous scene, when, significantly, he has rejected Christine.) It is notable that the stage directions only specify light or darkness, night or day when a climactic emotional moment is reached. It is explicit at the end of the play when, for the first time, the setting is a perfect, brilliant day, the house being completed, the relationships established.Dualism is a feature of the play. Daves walk away from Christine and from Gary at the end of Act I is noted above. Two scenes in pubs, two scenes in motel rooms, two women, two families established, two houses - that of Gary and that of Dave. Ms. Oswald contrasts the different responses to pain and failure Garys anger and the sublimation of that anger and energy in a positive ambition; Daves avoidance of hurting or being hurt by remaining a traveller and an observer rather than a participant. Sue-Anne is dependent on others. Christine prefers to be independent. Gary takes the chain-saw from Sue-Anne in Act 1, Dave the sledge hammer from Christine in Act . Sue-Anne says that if God exists, he sent Gary to her in Act I scene 8; in Act II, scene 10, she says to Vince that If theres really a God I reckon he sent you to me and Clint. In Act I, scene 6, Gary carries Sue-Anne in his arms, an action echoed in Act II, scene 8 when Christine carries her back to the tent. The dualism emphasises the key issues of the play is it better to remain isolated and insular or should relationships be hazarded? Is it better to strive towards a goal and risk failure or to accept the status quo? As well as a structural device to give unity and balance, the dualism works in two disparate ways. Sometimes the parallelism emphasises similarities - such as Gary, then Christine caring for Sue-Anne. At other times the differences are accentuated, most obviously in the shocking death of Gary at the end of Act I meeting its inverse in the end of Act II with his metaphysical resurrection. Either may be described as a coup de theatre and the climax of its respective act. This illustrates how well issues and techniques are integrated in the play. Oswald considers the question of male suicide in Australian society and suggests that inflexibility and the uncompromising determination to cling to ones ideal can be admirable but destructive. She salutes the need to have goals and, as she has said (SMH interview), believes that little snatches of happiness can be gained if people are prepared to compromise and, most importantly, reach out to each other... or, as E.M. Forster wrote only connect .Throughout the play, the writers compassion for all the characters and their plight is apparent. The characters are familiar and close to stereotypes but each are given enough contradictions and details to make them emerge as individually interesting. Sue-Anne might appear to be typical of the media depiction of the teenage unmarried mother, self-centred and negligent but her refusal to smoke while pregnant suggests some sense of responsibility and it is no real surprise that, despite her threats to abort the baby or get it adopted, she does neither. Her apologies for her bad temper offset its effect and her back pain is real. Christine is clearly not the hard and heartless feminist she first appears, soon showing a willingness to forgo her own inheritance in order to protect Gary and his dream. Vince is far more assertive and perceptive than he first appears. With the exception of Sue-Anne, characters grow and evolve, with Dave eventually discarding his pose as a conscientious objector in the world of relationships.The plays greatest strength may be the naturalistic language which sounds realistic and unaffected but economically conveys character, emotion and subtext. Sentences are short, often fragmented and highly colloquial. Sue-Annes working class slang contrasts with Christines more educated speech. The roughness of the latter is assumed, (Act I scene 5) an echo of the hard exterior which conceals a vulnerable and caring person. Daves laconic speech reflects his laidback character. He is articulate - a symbol of his control - except on the rare occasions when he discusses his family or his feelings. Then his language falters (But the thing is, its not like- I mean, I see whats going on for other people, Act I scene 4). Garys language, while often uncouth and ungrammatical, is forceful, emotional and direct, making the rare use of metaphor at the end of Act I particularly effective (Shes torn out my heart).In a non dogmatic manner, Ms. Oswald explores the changing roles of women and families today. Sue-Anne may not be married at the start of the play but she is as dependent on her man to be her carer and provider as any housewife in the 150s. She is resolutely feminine in her inability or disinclination to do any physical work and Gary clearly approves. Like Vince, he enjoys being needed. Christine has a business career and is prepared to build the house by herself, having faith in her ability to learn and do as well as any man. She is in her thirties and single. In this she is typical of the majority of women in Australia today ... including her ultimate decision to have a family and settle down in a house. Significantly, there is no suggestion that she will marry Dave (unlike Sue-Anne and Vince) and it is evident that in their partnership, they will be mutually dependent, symbolised by the merger of the two properties. Both work together on the building of the house (Act II, scene 14), literally and metaphorically. No judgment is implied. Indeed the play seems to ratify the right of both women to choose their own role and path, both families at the end having an equal chance of success. Or failure. While the final moments suggest an unexpected optimism, this is a play which avoids absolutes. Moments of joy are constantly undercut as if the darkness always threatens, the first impression of the picture perfect final scene quickly modified - the baby cries, Sue-Anne whinges, Dave avoids work.Mateship is also central to the play. Dave constantly calls Gary mate, but fails him in his time of need. To some degree, his decision to complete the house may be seen as his attempt to compensate for this betrayal. The plays naturalism is offset by the plays overt theatrical elements.Thus happiness and , comedy and tragedy are constantly juxtaposed in the play. Garys House by Debra Oswald Please note that this sample paper on Style, technique and themes in 'Gary's House' is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Style, technique and themes in 'Gary's House', we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Style, technique and themes in 'Gary's House' will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Geological history of lebanon

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Lebanon Rock Type TripLebanon consists mostly of Sedimentary rocks by nature. There are some igneous stones, but mostly Basalt, and a little Metamorphic located in Hamra, although they are imported and not located in Lebanon by nature. Lebanon actually consists of sixty percent limestone, ten percent sandstone, twenty-five percent shale, and five percent Basalt. When the class went on a field trip last week we saw many rocks, such as Basalt, Limestone, Sandstone, and etc. On our trip we made three main stops, I will be explaining by location the variations of rocks that we saw, and the description of the rocks. On our first stop on the field trip we stopped of at Quaternary Alluvium (Dog River). While in Quaternary Alluvium we discovered that the site we were exploring had been a river that had all dried up. In this river we saw a lot of gravel, mixed with different stones. In the gravel the rock sizes varied from silt, all the way up to boulders. In the river we saw a lot of gray limestone. The limestone varied from pebbles, up to boulders. I discovered that the rocks were limestones, because the rocks fit the description of sedimentary rocks. The outside was a smooth surface, and once we broke it there was a layered surface in straight patterns. When we also tested the rock for calcite, by putting acid the rock fizzed, which was a sign that the rock consisted of calcite, which is another property of limestone. From those facts, I deduced that the stone was a limestone. We also discovered that some of the rocks that were found in the dog river were sandstones from the Sedimentary class. I discovered this because of the characteristics of the rock, was sandy silt all combined together in a bunch with no certain pattern with the color of tan. These characteristics fit into place of the rock, sandstone. I tested to see if there was any calcite in this stone, and discovered that the stone did consist of calcite.

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One rock that I thought might not be found was basalt. Basalt was found in this river, and I discovered that this stone was basalt, because this stone had no layers, and no bands, it was all bunched together, and seemed to be very fine grained. When we broke this igneous rock open, we discovered that there were a lot of holes in it, as well as pyroxene. The Basalt fizzed when it was mixed with basalt, which meant that it also consisted of calcite. This stone was very dark and according to the information of basalt rocks the stone consisted of low silica and high iron.While we were outside we discovered that shale might have been found in this river, although due to the rivers flow, the shale may have been broken and has disintegrated. Shale is classified as a sedimentary stone, because it has very thin layers, and is a tanish color that consists of calcite according to our testing.The rock is known as conglomerate, which consists of all of the rocks I have just described. The conglomerate is located on top of a cliff, which in my opinion occurred due to erosion of the mountain above it, and then the formation of the conglomerate where they were last set. This stone I saw was combined together by shale, it was of all different colors, and had no stable layer, nor a stable shape. It is similar to gravel, although with some bigger stones, and all of them connected together, to form one outcrop.While on our way to our second location we looked at some stones from the bus, the stones seemed to be from the Sedimentary category, because it was layered and had the characteristics of a limestone. The stone is known as Karsts, this stone is called Karsts because it is a form of limestone, with a vertically layered pattern around it.The shale was brownish black in color. Shale's characteristic is very sensitive, the average human can break shale with his hand. A shale stone is layered with very thin layers. It is a fine-grained stone, which is classified as sedimentary. Shale located on a mountain once eroded travels and lays on the bottom of the mountain, until some natural mineral such as water comes and makes it disintegrate. The Shale has calcite in it.The Basalt in Mayrouba Mountains contains pyroxene, which is a small fine-grained black mineral. The Basalt on the outside covering has a lot of rust on it, due to water and Iron Oxygen mixed together. The Basalt also contains large veins, of calcite. The Basalt once we broke inside was very dark black, and consisted of some small minerals, which are known as Zeolite, and have no color, but are see through. This Basalt is from the rock class, Igneous, because it has no bands and no layers, and is a dark color. The Final rock that we saw before we returned to the school was a stone that contained a mixture of Limestone on the top, and Sandstone on the bottom. The mixture of these two stones into each other where the top is all limestone, the middle is a mix of limestone and sandstone, and the bottom is only sandstone is known as a cradational mixture. This sandstone had very little calcite in it, although it did consist of a little bit of calcite. The rock consisted of veins, and the veins in the rock also had calcite in it. The limestone was gray on the top, tanish on the bottom, and a mixture of tanish gray in the mid part.

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The calling of christ

If you order your cheap research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on the calling of christ. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality the calling of christ paper right on time.

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The truth hurts. Americans are fat. Fatter than any other country in the world. According to Surgeon General David Satcher, 60% of Americans are overweight, and he believes that this number is going to continue to grow if appropriate actions are not taken. The number of overweight children has increased 50% in the last 15years. Unfortunately, this is a problem that expands just beyond social hindrances, because fat and especially obese people are at a much greater health risk. 00,000 people in America die each year from fat related causes. Type Diabetes, a health problem which screws up the balance between insulin and something else, is largely caused by obesity, and the number of people with this disease has jumped % in America since 10, with a large amount of the instances being found in adolescents. Type diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. In type diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin. Insulin is necessary for the body to be able to use sugar. Sugar is the basic fuel for the cells in the body, and insulin takes the sugar from the blood into the cells. When glucose builds up in the blood instead of going into cells, it can cause two problems · Right away, your cells may be starved for energy. · Over time, high blood glucose levels may hurt your eyes, kidneys, nerves or heart.

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Finding out you have diabetes is scary. But dont panic! Diabetes is serious, but people with diabetes can live long, healthy, happy lives. You can too by taking good care of yourself. Is It Curable? In people with type diabetes, glucose (sugar) builds up in the blood. But with treatment, your blood glucose levels may go down to normal again. But this does not mean you are cured. Instead, a blood glucose level in your target range shows that your treatment plan is working and that you are taking care of your diabetes.There are several ideas as to the cause of this problem. One popular belief is the enormous fast food industry that spreads over our nation like a greasy blanket. There are many contributing factors that contribute to being overweight. If these factors occur in children it will increase their chances of being overweight their entire lives, even if they eventually change their lifestyle. The two major factors are lack of physical activity and unhealthy eating. Both of these are becoming worse and worse. The unhealthy eating as described above, and physical activity is getting worse especially in children due to an increase in the interest in videogames and television. The average child watches -6 hours of television a day. Only about 1 in 5 Americans get exercise regularly. It is easy to tell how big of a problem obesity and being overweight is in America by the amount of commercials you see on TV, talking about the newest diet or pill or minimum effort required exercise machine. Almost 50 billion dollars were spent last year on diet and weight loss programs. Many children who have problems with their weight resort to dieting, however, this can sometimes be very unhealthy as well, especially for adolescents. Many diets restrict adolescents from getting nutrients required for bone and muscle growth. Experts say that small changes are better than bigger ones, and that exercise is always the best. The problem has become such a widespread one that on June , 00, President Bush even declared war on 'Fat America.' He demonstrated to America how exercise is a daily part of his life, and if others follow his suit they will add years to their own life. He pointed out how dangerous it is to be fat, 00,00 deaths last year and $117 in health care. 50% of Americans are qualified as overweight, and 0% of these are considered obese. About 14% of children are overweight, as opposed to 5% in the 70's. A lot of people don't realize that they're fat because everyone they know is technically fat as well, so they assume they're ok. Fast food is one of the major contributors, but the one that sneaks by you and stabs you in the back is the soft-drink. An average ounce soft drink contains 10 calories, 86 grams of sugar, and virtually 0 actual nutrients. The condition of obesity results from the size and number of the bodies fat cells increasing. According to Michael D. Myers, a doctor who focuses much of his attention towards the problems of obesity, "A normal sized person has between 0 and 5 billion fat cells. When a person gains weight these fat cells increase in size at first and then increase in number." Once a person gains fat cells, they cannot be lost, they can only be shrunk back down again. This makes it much more difficult for an overweight person to lose his weight than for a skinny person to maintain his current shape. Unfortunately, for some people it is much harder to stay in shape than others. Some people are doomed to having a fat problem at an early age, when they cannot even control their own eating or exercise habits. One of the easiest times for obesity to occur is during the ages of 1 to 18 months, when the body is working hard to create new fat cells and it sometimes creates too many. Overfeeding at this time can often have a very significant effect on an individual's entire life. However, obesity as an infant does not always leave to obesity as an adult. Obesity in teens does, on the other hand, more than half of the time lead to obesity as an adult. Myers says mothers have a great influence on their children's weight. "If a biological mother is heavy as an adult, there is approximately a 75% chance that her children will be heavy." Another thing to blame? America's high stress society, which causes people to eat more and more to deal with stress. This is especially obvious in women, who tend to deal with stress by eating lots and lots of ice cream and chocolate. Many diseases can help cause obesity, such as Diabetes and hypertension. Possibly the saddest contributor to peoples being overweight deals with rape or sexual abuse. Myer's study shows that approximately 40% of obese women were sexually abused earlier in their life. You may not realize it, but all the fast food eateries you drive past on the street, all the shows you watch on TV, and all the little snack foods and soda pops you pick up instinctively as you walk through the supermarket aisles are doing something to America, and it doesn't have anything to do with the economy. It has to do with Americans' bodies, especially adolescents, and how in the last 15 years the number of teenagers considered to be overweight has jumped more than 50%. Now America finds itself the fattest country in the world. It hasn't always been this way, though, not by any means. Back in to the 170's, only about 0% of people were considered overweight at all, much less than that obese. Does that mean that the recent increase in fast food places and decrease in physical activity is the only thing to blame? Not necessarily. Though many people believe that that is the case, there are a few other theories around. Some blame America's high stress society, which causes people to eat more and more to deal with stress. Other's claim that being depressed can easily lead to being overweight. Sexual abuse has also been found to correlate with overweight people; a recent study shows that 40% of obese women were sexually abused at some point earlier in their life. The condition of obesity can be a difficult one to fight, and for some it is much easier than others. Some people are doomed to have a weight problem from a very early age, when they cannot even control their eating or exercise habits. One of the easiest times for obesity to occur is between the ages of 1-18 months, when the body is producing fat cells at an incredibly fast rate overeating can sometimes have a disastrous effect on an individuals entire life. The most widespread belief as to the cause of America's weight problem is still the fast food industry, or more accurately all junk food across the country. Recently, a few major law suits have been raised against these food producers, which such claims as 'they didn't tell us how fattening their food is,' or claiming that the food itself is even addictive. There is currently a lawsuit pending all across the country, gathering against the fast food places, or as they call it, "Big Fat." Nearly half the states are either trying to or already have passed laws to restrict junk food sales. The question is whether or not the fast food industry did an adequate job of making its health information clear to the public, and whether people, especially children, are being made victims because they aren't able to tell the difference between healthy and unhealthy food. The case is being compared to the similarly titled "Big Tobacco" case, in which tobacco produced where accused of lying to the public about the contents of their products, and were taking advantage of people. A lot of the battle is being fought over the food that is sold in schools around the country, in the cafeteria and even more so in the vending machines. Recently in Iowa City, the school board has been dealing with a group of people called the Nutritional Task Force, trying to determine whether or not the schools should continue to sell pop and candy bars in their vending machines. They Task Force also has discussed the effectiveness of physical education classes in the schools and whether they are getting the job done as far as increasing student health is concerned. The condition of obesity is the result of the number and size of the bodies fat cells increasing more than necessary. The average person has somewhere between 0 and 5 billion fat cells, and when a person gains weight they increase in size at first and then in number. Once a fat cell is created it can never be destroyed, it can only be shrunk back down in size, which is what makes it so difficult for already severely overweight people to drop back down. The reason that this weight problem gripping America is being taken so seriously is because of the risks that obesity and being overweight in general can have on an individual's health. 00,000 people die each year from weight related causes, such as heart defects and certain types of Diabetes. Even President George W. Bush addressed the problem as a serious, dangerous problem that must be stopped, when he declared war on "Fat America."

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Stem Cell Research

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Imagine walking through the hospital, your going to visit your mother. She is in room 15, your Aunt Mary is in there with her. Your mom went into diabetic shock. The doctors hasnt been able to help her for awhile. Theyre saying shell go any day now. Your pass the nurses station and see your moms doctor going into a room. You look inside and see a young man with the doctor. Then you hear the doctor say, theres a new therapy we can try. what well do is place insulin cells into your pancreas. it will virtually get rid of you diabetes for the rest of your life. You get excited thinking, this man could save my moms life! When you get into the room you begin telling your aunt, you mom wakes up. all three of you are very excited to hear this great news! Then the doctor comes in, whats all the commotion about he asks. You turned around and say,that therapy you were telling that young man about...can you use it on my mom? well pay anything. The doctor gets a scared look on his face while your mom says, why didnt you tell us about this before? Doctors would love to use this therapy on each and every person, but sadly stem cell research is being slowed. I strongly believe in stem cell research, along with many people that stem cells could save. On the other hand, many people believe it to be a moral and ethical crime. Im going to be telling you what stem cells are, hats being done with them, how they are helping people and why it should be legal. Stem cells are unspecialized cells that cen be induced to become cells with special functions, such as the beating cells of the heart muscle, or the insulin producing cells of the pancreases. Stem cells are found in many places. One is the adult stem cells. These are found within bone marrow and organs. Adult stem cells usually generate to become the cell types in which they reside. It was believed that these adult stem cells could not become the cells of a very different tissue, such as nerve cells in the brain, but over the last several years, the possibility that adult stem cells can become a completely different tissue is now a phenomenon know as plasticity.

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Plasticity is expanding the possible use of cell based therapy. Like blood cells becoming neurons. In the 160s researchers discovered that bone marrow contains at least two stem cell types. Also they realized the brain has three different types of stem cells. Stem cells are in small numbers in each location. They stay there so they can multiply until activated by disease or tissue injury. Because of this I find it important to use other possibilities. This other possibility would be embryotic stem cells. These can be found from many sources, empirical cord blood, frozen embryos, donor embryos and cloned embryos. In the U.S. research on stem cells found in the empirical cord is fully funded, frozen embryos are restricted to what remains and no funding is given twords donor and cloned embryos. Embryotic stem cells literally save millions of peoples lives, possibly curing Parkinsons disease, diabetes, traumatic spinal cord injury, heart disease even vision or hearing loss. human stem cells could also be used to test new drugs. Right now concern cell lines are being used to screen potential anti-tumor drugs. Its believed by religious groups that its unethical to harvest stem cells because they believe it destroys a human life. In no way of harvesting cells is the doctor choosing to kill anything. In the idea of aborted fetuses, the doctor does not choose to kill a child to get life saving cells. A woman makes a decision and besides to do some good. A very great thing comes from a very horrible thing. As long as abortion is legal, why cant using these cells be legal? I do however, disagree with cloning to produce embryotic stem cells. This is the one case that is no matter what, unethical in sciences eyes. You can not create a life just to harvest from it. In any other form a women is making a decision and a side effect is these cells are available for study. For people who are against stem cell research as much as I am for it, Im sorry. Its impossible to stop. This research is saving lives, was saving lives and will continue to save lives until it becomes a simple routine procedure. One politician says stem cell research is Nazism. Someone please explain to me how coming up with ways to save lives is Nazism? One doctor says its absolutely amazing, you can actually see the heart beat. Referring to beating calls of the heart muscle in a glass dish. What I find sad is people who dont know anything about the subject completely disagree with it, even thought theyve never looked at all the amazing benefits that outweigh any negative. Now go back to the hospital with the doctor. remember how the doctor had a scared look on his face? Well, you see he begins this new therapy isnt really a therapy as much as an injection. and stem cell research is being put to a stop so we dont know how much we can use. Weve only been using it on young people so they wont end up like this. You do understand that right? therefore, youre mother will suffer, when she probably could have been saved. not because the doctor chose not to give her the injection, but because people are putting a stop to research and funding.

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Reaction paper

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Women Studies 100 Reaction Paper#1Base on the ReadingEN RAPPORT, IN OPPOSITION COBRANDO CUENTAS A LAS NUESTRAS Help with essay on reaction paper

By Gloria Anzaldua This essay by Anzaldua is very interesting, as a Latina (Puerto Rican), I get engage in the same topic she is discussing about. I agree to most of the things she points out, about ethnicity and criticism of one another within a culture. We tend to judge people by their background even though they come from the same culture, because our "whiteness" like she says, comes out from our mouths without us knowing. I am also afraid of this, just like her, because I think this is the biggest problem that our society has. Here in the United States, where all communities are so diverse, we tend to isolate each other from one another, even from ourselves. Like she points out " we no longer allow white women to efface us or suppress us. Now we do it to each other." But what scares me the most is that even though we are oppressing our own race, we denial our own. An example, in my own personal experience in my community, can be the one that most Puerto Ricans go through, 85% of Puerto Ricans in the island want to be, a believe to be "Americans." We tend to say that Puerto Ricans in New York are not real Puerto Ricans, for different reasons and opinions that different people has. In conclusion, I believe that she has several options or solutions that can help us with this matter. She points out that no matter what race, ethnicity, and identity we are, as women we are all fighting for the same rights and equality. We all, no matter the start point in history, we get engage in the same situations that we all go through. She also says, and I agree with her, that carrying all this hate and all this indifference is not worth it. That we should forgive and break that "invisible white frame" and stood on the ground of our own ethnic being.

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Appeasement

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The term appeasement is used to describe the response of Western European governments to the expansionist activities of Germany and Italy under Hitler and Mussolini in the 10s. Their attitude was to prevent war at all cost by giving the aggressive countries what they wanted provided there were not too unreasonable.Britain adopted the policy of appeasement, by just tying to appease Hitler, but in fact it made him to be more aggressive. There were two distinct faces of appeasement. From mid 10until 17 there was vague feeling that war should be avoided at all cost. This made Britain and France to accept the various acts of aggression and breeches of Versailles (Manchuria, Abyssinia, German re-armament and the reoccupation of the Rhineland). When Chamberlein became the British prime minister in may 17, he gave appeasement new drive, he believed in taking initiatives he would be able to find what Hitler wanted and reasonable claims would be met by negotiation rather than force. Appeasement had so few critics and aroused no massive public hostility because as a policy it was well in tune with the public mood of the thirties. British government seemed to be supported by strongly pacifist public opinion. In February 1 the oxford union voted that it would not fight and this made Baldwin and his National government won a huge election victory in November 15 after he declared ' I give you my word of honor that there will be no great armaments. The horrors of the First World War were much written about and were still a bitter personal memory for many civilians. The civil war in Spain revealed the future horrors of aerial bombardment of civilian targets, for it was not just Baldwin who believed the bomber would always get through. In any case the burdens of unemployment and the enormous National Debt seemed to undermine any hope of resolute action in foreign policy. There was also a general feeling that Germany might have been harshly treated at Versailles and that on certain issues, for example the re-occupation of the Rhineland, might have quite a good case according to the British government.Appeasement prevailed however because the political leadership of Britain and her leading advisers favoured it or indeed saw no alternative to it. The key figure was Neville Chamberlain. He fully shared the public horror at the thought of the destruction, which another war would bring, and therefore expensive, defense and foreign policy would distract from pressing problems at home. He was a decent man who held a sincere belief that reasonable negotiation and goodwill could overcome the diplomatic problems of the day. In any case there was no thinkable alternative. Some historians think Chamberlains policy of appeasement made little sense. After all, Hitler made no secret of his aim to dominate Europe and the world. He was a ruthless person who was prepared to use war to achieve his evil ends. In consequence the only correct policy was to stand firm against him at the earliest opportunity. Historians argue that appeasement simply made Hitler to grow more aggressive, and encouraged him to make fresh demands. Germany grew stronger and more dangerous. However, after 15 Germany could not have been challenged without the risk of a long and bloody war, a war for which Britain was unprepared to do and which she might not win. Britain had little to gain even from a successful war; it would also be expensive, it and would seriously damage Britains economic position.

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Appeasement reached its climax at Munich, when Britain and France were so determined to avoid war with Germany that they gave Hitler Sudetaland as a present and this set the destruction of Czechoslovakia. Britain really wanted not to risk war with Germany because Britain was going through a serious economic crisis and could not afford a vast re-armament and the crippling of expenses of Great War. Since the League of Nations seemed helpless, Chamberlein believed that the only way to settle the disputes was a personnel contact between leaders. In this way he would be able to control and civilize Hitler and Mussolini. Britain helped the German economy to recover, so the Germany's internal violence would be solved. There was a great fear of communism in Britain and the British politicians were wiling to ignore he unpleasant of Nazism in the hope that Hitler's Germany would be buffer against communism expansions to westwards. Some historians argued that appeasement was the main cause of second world, and had a profound effect on the way the international relations developed. Although it might have worked with Germany, but according to Hitler it was doomed to failure. Appeasement convinced Hitler of the complacency and the weakness of Britain and France. Appeasement was mainly a British policy, which French did not always agree. Hitler continued his aggressiveness, until very late in the thirties, when Britain decided to abandon the policy of appeasement because it was not able to stop Hitler, even after getting away with sudetaland.Chamberlain was the most honorable of the appeasers, in 10s, and was not lacking courage. His views would not have prevailed if they had not had the support of the vast majority of the politically powerful and had not caught the public mood. British. British and France declare war on Germany in September 1 when Hitler tried to invade Poland, which was under their protection. Mohamed Bille

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Leaking Underground Storage Tanks

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In the majority of cases when an underground storage tank (UST) is removed, soil contamination is discovered. This soil contamination is an environmental concern and may lead to the more serious problem of groundwater contamination. Before removing a leaking underground storage tank, you should examine some of the what ifs. Planning will save you both time and money. Treatment and clean-up actions relating to leaking underground storage tanks are abundant; however which one is the best?On-site and off-site treatment areas should be chosen with care. Ideal locations are at a reasonable distance (ie 100 feet) from wetlands, streams, residential areas, or other locations where potential run-off or fugitive vapors may result in threats to the environment or cause public exposure or nuisance conditions. Proposed treatment within a 100 year flood area will require a case by case review. You must have the property owners written approval to use their site for treatment of contaminated soils. Public access to the aerating soil must be restricted. This may require fencing the area and/or posting signs at the site to alert the public of potential health hazards. The treatment area must be prepared to meet certain conditions including lining, berming, and covering the contaminated soil (except during active treatment times). This is necessary to prevent surface water run on and run off within the treatment area. Ideally, the petroleum contaminated soil should be spread within the prepared treatment area at a depth of 6 to 1 inches and left exposed to the atmosphere. The contaminated soil should be covered with plastic sheeting during rainy periods. The plastic sheeting should be weighted or anchored so that the soil does not become exposed during storms or windy conditions. Periodic tilling or turning of the soil is generally necessary in order to facilitate complete treatment. The treatment site must be checked periodically to ensure that site security remains intact, to make progress checks on the treatment, and to generally assure that everything is going according to plan. This is especially important in order to prevent problems from developing. Another method of clean-up action is soil removal.If soil removal appears to be the best method for soil cleanup, a decision must be made concerning how the soils will be managed. Once the soils are removed, they can be independently treated (by you or your consultant) or taken to an authorized facility for treatment or disposal. If the soils are to be independently treated, precautions must be taken to prevent adverse environmental impacts or nuisance conditions. Stockpiling of contaminated soils can only be conducted on a temporary basis while making arrangements for disposal or treatment. During this time, soils must be placed within a secure (i.e. fenced), lined, and bermed area and kept covered at all times. Individuals or corporations have thirty (0) days to either dispose of the soil at an authorized facility or to obtain a solid waste treatment permit from their local Department of Environmental Quality. As landfill space becomes restricted, the cost of disposal of contaminated soils may go up. Ideally, no contaminated soils would be disposed of in a landfill since this result's in the problem being moved from one location to another. Also, should there be problems with the landfill in the future, or if cleanup of the landfill should be required, persons who disposed of contaminated soil in the landfill may be held partially responsible for cleanup costs. However, until alternative disposal and treatment methods become readily available, landfill disposal may be the most cost effective option for some cleanup projects. One should be aware that individual landfills may have specific requirements that must be met before disposal is allowed. If landfill disposal is the option chosen, contact them in advance ensure that ample time is allotted to coordinate sampling efforts to meet both landfill, public, and federal requirements at the same time. Another treatment method is above ground treatment.

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This treatment method is excellent for gasoline contamination and works relatively well for diesel, waste oil, and other heavy hydrocarbon contamination which does not aerate readily. Since the treatment results in destruction of the contaminants, this method reduces long term liability and is a better environmental solution than soil aeration or landfill disposal. However, unless the amount of soil to be treated is large, bioremediation is a relatively costly method for dealing with contamination. The services of a qualified consultant are usually necessary in the design of an appropriate treatment system. A solid waste permit from your local Department of Environmental Quality might be required. There are some restrictions on how the treated soil can be reused.Soil aeration works best for gasoline contaminated soils. Due to the low volatility of diesel and heavier hydrocarbons, soil aeration for these contaminants is very slow or requires frequent maintenance (tilling, etc.) and often does not work at all. Aeration of gasoline contaminated soils works best on sandy or silty soils with low clay content, and is most effective in warm, dry weather.If the proposal for handling the petroleum contaminated soil includes on-site or off-site bioremediation, soil aeration, or thermal treatment with a mobile unit, a solid waste permit for treatment is required. This type of permit is called a Solid Waste Letter of Authorization. One will need to obtain approval for the treatment site from the local land use authorities before you proceed. The application for a solid waste treatment permit requires that a written Treatment Plan be prepared that demonstrates the ability to be able to effectively treat the contaminated soil. The owners of the properties where the treatment will occur, and where the treated soil will be reused, must sign statements to document that they understand what the restrictions are with these activities. Permits are good for six months from the date issued. Generally, if treatment has not been successful within one treatment season, find alternatives (disposal at an approved facility) for handling the soil (although there may be some exceptions, as in the case of true bioremediation projects). If the proposal to treat soil from one or more cleanup project at a single location, a more comprehensive solid waste permit will be required. The Letter of Authorization contains specific permit conditions which must be met throughout the treatment period. Violations of permit conditions could result in enforcement actions that include civil penalties or revocation of the permit. In addition to the permit requirements for treating soil, some cleanup projects may also require a Water Quality permit to discharge water from an excavation or discharge treated water from a groundwater treatment system. Representative soil samples must be collected quarterly to measure the reduction of concentrations and progress reports submitted to the Department of Environmental Quality in your region. Soil treatment activities must be coordinated throughout the project and approval received before moving any contaminated or treated soils off-site. Regardless of the treatment methods, there are some restrictions on how the treated soil can be reused. Contact the regional DEQ office that has jurisdiction for your cleanup project for more information.Thermal treatment is preferred over aeration and landfill disposal. This treatment method may reduce your future liability for the contaminated soils (the cradle to grave philosophy). Contaminated soil can be treated on-site through the use of a mobile unit or transported to a stationary facility. A mobile unit is especially useful for sites that are remote from a permanent thermal treatment facility or landfill. Costs in hauling the contaminated soil can be saved or reduced. However, you must be careful to ensure that your treatment site is suitable for the treatment equipment. Individuals will need to contact local land use authorities to make sure this activity is allowed for your site. Specific information about the use of the mobile unit must be provided to the Department. A solid waste permit from the Department of Environmental Quality is required. There are some restrictions on how the treated soil can be reused. Contact the regional DEQ office that has jurisdiction for the cleanup project for more information. A permanent facility operates similar to a landfill from a user perspective. Individuals must provide the facility with information about where the contaminated soils originated and contamination levels. Once the application has been approved, the contaminated soils are taken to the facility for processing. The beginning manufacturer involvement is then over, unless arrangements for reusing the treated soil have been accomplished. Contact the specific facilities for more information on their specific requirements.To minimize treatment costs, careful advance planning is required. Although several options are present, some are more desirable than others. From an environmental perspective, your local Department of Environmental Quality will most likely strongly encourage selection of a treatment method that actually destroys contamination rather than transferring it from one media to another (e.g. from soil to air). In addition, effective treatment of soils - if done correctly - results in the ability to reuse the soil for other purposes (with some restrictions). Therefore, individuals may be required to submit information to justify the selection of other, less environmentally preferred methods for handling petroleum contaminated soil. Because treatment conditions for each site are unique, proper planning, execution, and remedial action with need to be accomplished. Careful coordination and prior approval from your local Department of Environmental Quality regional office at specific junctures in the treatment process is extremely important. A final determination that no further action is required for the entire cleanup project will not be made until all details regarding the treated soils have been satisfactorily addressed and documented. WORKS CITEDhttp//ecfrback.access.gpo.govhttp//www.epa.gov/swerust1/fedlaws/statute.htm Please note that this sample paper on Leaking Underground Storage Tanks is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Leaking Underground Storage Tanks, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Leaking Underground Storage Tanks will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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