Arousal

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Arousal/Anxiety5.0 Arousal/AnxietyAll players aim to reach optimal arousal to work to their best ability. A task was performed to analyse the impact of arousal on personal performance in volleyball of task . (see appendix )5.1 Record the results of the observation group

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Observation groups recorded results, see appendix 6.5. Identify the characteristics of Under, Over and Optimal Arousal Under-arousal Shown as over-relaxation or lack of interest to physical performance or game play.Over-arousal Shown as excessive tension and nervousness towards physical performance.Optimal arousal a point at which you can give your best performance.5. Behaviour of Arousal PerformanceArousal Performance BehaviourUnder-arousal - Less accuracy- Not focused- Quiet- Not supportive- Not in positionOver-arousal - Feeling pressure- Nervousness- Argument- SwearingOptimal arousal - Confident- Focused- Positioned well- Accurate- Positive Encouragement 5.4 Identify the indicators that put each person on level of arousal Brain waves There are different types of brain waves associated with the differing levels of arousal.Alpha waves Alpha waves indicates relaxed but wakeful.Beta waves Beta waves are also associated with tension and anxiety.Theta waves Theta waves indicate light sleep or daydreamingHeart rate Shows the change in activity. It indicates the state of arousal. The higher the hearts rate the higher the arousal, but not always a good indictor. Biomechanical indicators Catecholamines is a type of biochemical indicators of arousal. They include a commonly known as adrenalin. The arousal response in the brain triggers the release of catecholamines unto the blood. It is secreted in response to increase stress.Muscle tension muscle tension levels are approximate indicators of levels of arousal. The higher the tension levels, the higher the level of arousal.Respiration rate A person's respiration rate is a reasonable indictor of arousal. The higher these measures are, the higher the levels of arousal.Under-arousalTheta waves measuredLow heart rateLow biomechanical indictor levelsLow muscle tensionLow respiration rateOptimal-arousalAlpha waves measuredOptimal heart rateOptimal biochemical indictor levelsOptimal muscle tensionOptimal respiration rateOver-arousalBeta waves measuredHigh heart rateHigh biomechanical indicator levelsHigh muscle tensionHigh respiration rate5.5 To produce best performance in VolleyballTo obtain the best performance in volleyball, the player needs to reach optimal level of arousal. It is important to reach this level They need to each this level because the performance needs to be consistent and 5.6 Identify the Relationship Between Anxiety and Personality Types.Athletes respond differently to varying levels of arousal and anxiety, and are stimulated in different ways. Anxiety is split into to components, cognitive and somatic. Cognitive component is the fear or worry of failure. Somatic component is the changes that occur to our body as a result of performance anxiety. The different types of personalities will deal with anxiety in different ways. The submissive personality will take a sign of anxiety poorly. Instead of using the somatic signs to benefit from them on their performance, the submissive person may take it as negative feedback. They may become anxious and have worrying thoughts and reduce their performance. The assertive person appears energetic yet relaxed and will use anxiety to their advantage. They will realise the signs of on-coming anxiety and can focus on the goal set and continue with the task. On the other hand an aggressive personality will also not respond well to anxiety. They may feel pressure when loosing and will result in nervousness, frustration and confusion. The best personality is an assertive person and will deal with anxiety and will reach optimal level of arousal to produce their best performance. 5.7 Suggest Methods that Athletes use to Decrease AnxietyStrategies to manage anxiety can be available to the performer once they are aware of what the optimal level of arousal is for them. The first step to gain control of the increased anxiety is to recognise the signs early. Then the performer is ready to respond positively to help work towards their performance. Another strategy is to use relaxation techniques to lower the anxiety with quiet time and muscles relaxation. Relaxation can be attained through deep breathing and learning to coordinate breathing. Another technique used is a warm-up. This lowers the anxiety levels and to become more focused and determined. Also athletes should concentrate on the goals set for that particular task. Task goals provide focus and take the attention away from worrying thoughts. Therefore strategies used to decrease anxiety are - Acknowledging warning signs of increased arousal- Using relaxation skills to lower anxiety, (muscle relaxation, deep breathing.)- Energising techniques, warn-up- Focus on goals set, to direct attention away from worrying or anxious.

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The Essence of a BrownEye

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I wish that I could sniff a nice stinky brown everyday of my life. I love brown more than anything in this entire world. I once sniffed a cat eye while fishing in the forest. One day while eating candy at Cedar Point, I saw a dolphin. The dolphin had one stinky brown. Let me tell you. It smelled better than anything that I have ever smelled. I once liked the dolphins stinky brown, but I almost died and went to heaven. It was so totally sweet. I walked through the park and met a girl named Sally. We went in the bathroom, and I sniffed that brown for hours. It only felt like I was sniffing it for like two or three minutes, but I was there for half of the day. Can you believe it? I went and got sugar cone and found a clown. I met the clown and found out that his name was Freddy. He was a totally sweet clown, but his brown did not smell too fresh. I think that Freddy needed to clean that brown a little better. I shoved that sugar cone right up his shoot just to keep that awful stench from ruining my keen sense of brown. Call me silly, but I believe that that was quite possibly the stinkiest bronw ever. Now whenever I hear the name Freddy, I run. If I ever had to smell that brown again, I would probably die of bad brown inhalation. After I lost Freddy, I went to another bathroom to look for some fresh brown. I finally found what I was looking for in the bathroom by the Magnum. It smelled so delicious that I wanted to eat it all up. I would have if Freddy would not have walked into the bathroom at that point. He was kind of angry at me for using that sugar cone on him. I grabbed a brown out of the toilet and smashed it in his face. I ran. It was so funny, but it was also so sad. That particular brown smelled so fantastic! I probably would have kept it in my collection of stinky brown.

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Gaugin

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Paul Gauguin's Le Grand Bouddha (The Idol), c. 187 an analysis and interpretation.By its subject matter and compositional elements Gauguin (1848-10) expresses symbolically in The Grand Bouddha, painted during Gauguin's second and final period in Tahiti, a mysterious, sensuous and exotic world, that, by its differences makes the viewer, corrupted by western civilization, rethink not only artistic practice but the way we look at the world and its people. Gauguin admired the virtues of less developed societies and used art from these "primitive" societies because its difference, its alternative look, force and creativity, challenged the viewer to make a connection or affinity with these "other" societies. The use Gauguin made of this "primitive" art was revolutionary and initiated a different approach that resulted in tribal art being recontextualized as not only of value in anthropological terms in natural history museums but as aesthetic works of art to be appreciated in art galleries. The images he uses to portray this "other" world are an eclectic mix of recognizable, evocative and decorative elements from Maori, Marquesan and Buddhist art, images of which he studied and collected in drawings, postcards and which he called "my little world of friends." Other non-naturalistic compositional elements, which include broad bands of flat colour, shortened perspective and definite outlines, also help create this exotic, mystic "other"-worldliness of the painting.The subject of this painting comprise two naked Tahitian women with a bitch feeding her litter, sitting before an exotic, religious and cultural idol, with a depiction of the Last Supper where Jesus and his disciples are being served by clothed Tahitian women in the background. The naked women represent the indigenous, "primitive" folk who sit relaxed, with one woman challenging the implied viewer to acknowledge their situation, at ease with their religious and cultural heritage and destiny as represented by the idol. While not complying with traditional western concepts of beauty, the women with their exposed, heavy limbs and direct gaze represent the sexual "other" that Gauguin was not adverse to exploiting to gratify the desires of his buying public, men, many of whom were well aware of the legendary availability of the Tahitian women. The scene from the life of Jesus represents the impact of Christianity on the indigenous people who, now clothed, have turned their backs both literally and figuratively from their traditional culture.

The theme of The Grand Bouddha is the exploration and extolling of the superiority of the non-westernized society. Gauguin depicts the indigenous people as being uncorrupted, simple and unspoiled, instinctively in tune with the real and spiritual world a spiritual world that was shared by different non-western races as coming from a common source. Gauguin struggled to find his own identity, being from French and Peruvian ancestry, and he developed a strong antipathy towards western civilization and what he saw as its corruption. He wrote to the Danish painter J.F.Willumsen, "In Europe…everything is rotten, man and art alike. People are constantly being torn apart" and agreed with Jean Jacques Rousseau in "A Discourse on the Origins and Foundations of Inequality Among Men"(1755), who argued that modern society had been perverted away from the noble instincts of the primitive community. At the Exposition Universelle of 1878, for the first time, a selection of primitive art was displayed and later exhibited at the Palais du Trocadero that Gauguin frequently visited and at the 188 Exposition Gauguin was fascinated by the reconstructed and peopled villages from Africa, Indochina and the Pacific. Tahiti, since the first western contact had been portrayed as a paradise, for example, Capt. Bougainville called it the new Cythera, after the mythical erotic isle of Venus' birth and Pierre Loti in his 1880 work "The Marriage of Loti" told of an idyllic relationship between the author and a thirteen-year-old Tahitian girl. Gauguin believed he would find paradise in Tahiti and continues in his letter to Willumsen, "…the Tahitians …are the happy inhabitants of the unknown paradises of Oceania and experience only the sweet things in life." In fact much of Tahiti in the late 1th century was not utopia but degraded and debased by colonization and missionary zeal so Gauguin created in his paintings this idealized world of the primitive world. In The Grand Bouddha he develops this theme firstly by the portrayal of the women. The Tahitian women are "Eve after the Fall, still able to go about unclothed without being immodest still with as much animal beauty as on the first day." In The Grand Bouddha the women are as Eve, strong, confident, with one staring at the implied viewer perfectly at ease and in tune with the looming idol behind. The idol further develops the painting's theme of the idealized primitive society. As the Tahitians' idols had been destroyed at the behest of the missionaries, Destruction of the Idols of Otaheite (181), Gauguin uses a conglomeration of images firstly to portray these societies' spirituality and tradition, and with its coupling figures, nature and sex, but also portrays the interconnectedness and commonality of these primitive religions. Thus the idol's shape imitates the bell-shaped stupas of Buddhist temple architecture, with the embracing children and head shape of the Maori caring, Pukaki, with the Marquesan tiki figures at the base. Gauguin had found in 18 Jacques Moerenhaut's book on the pre-European culture and mythology in which the author likened the religions of ancient Polynesia to Greek gods and goddesses and from 185 Gerald Massey's book "The New Genesis," in which the author argued that all existing religions and myths drew on one single source, ancient Egypt, a basis for his belief that primitive societies enjoyed a interconnectedness and commonality. Gauguin further develops this theme in The Grand Bouddha with his rendition of The Last Supper where Christ is served by clothed Tahitians women who have literally and figuratively turned their back on their culture and tradition.The theme is enhanced by the different compositional elements in the painting, one of which is the placement of real or physical objects, in this case the women and the dog, in the foreground, moving to the spiritual, of the idol and the Last Supper, in the background. Gauguin uses this same technique in The Vision after the Sermon where the Breton women in the foreground "see" Jacob wrestling with the angel in the background and in Spirit of the Dead Walking where Tehamana lies in the foreground with the background figure of the tupapau or specter. Composition was also highly influenced by the Japanese art and, in particular the woodcut prints that often arrived in Europe as packing when Japan was forced, in the middle of the 1th century, to enter trade relations with Europe. The prints provided Gauguin with the inspiration to reject Impressionism where the artists "search around the eye and not in the mysterious centre of thought" . The Japanese accomplishments he described as "primeval qualities of honesty" . In The Grand Bouddha the Japanese influence can be seen in the blocks of colour in simple shapes with a defining outline and shortened perspective. These elements he also used in The Vision as well as actual figures from Japanese prints, in this case, the wrestlers. The key compositional element in the painting, however, is the use of the idol by which means Gauguin forces the viewer to acknowledge the differences in societies and, from this point, to "allow a plurality of valid, independent and truly different ways of constructing the world" Gauguin was the first artist to appreciate the power these tribal arts had to challenge the ways of depicting the world and, as a consequence, how the world was interpreted and as such he can be called the father of "primitivism". In The Grand Bouddha the image of Pukaki is important both decoratively, to convey the exotic "other" worldliness of the painting, but also symbolically. Gauguin uses the image of Pukaki, part of the five to six metre, carved gateway at the Pukeroa Pa and seen by Gauguin at the Auckland museum, with others from Marquesan and Buddhist art, to convey the message of a universal philosophy, above any racial or cultural differences. Massey had recorded the Maoris' surprise that Jesus reminded them of their own Tawhaki and so to Massey, and Gauguin also, this was further evidence that all religions were inter-connected, linked by a single common source. In The Last Supper Gauguin uses instead of the idol, tiki figures from the Marqueses with the figure from the stern of Te Toki-a-Tapiri, the Maori war canoe that Gauguin had drawn in Auckland, at the base. As with The Grand Bouddha the use of this taonga Maori is for decorative and symbolic purposes. The other paintings, however, that incorporates taonga Maori, do so for purely decorative purposes and to convey an exotic place rather than a world of ideas. In Te rerioa 187, Faa iheihe 188 and Still Life with Sunflowers and Mangoes 101 Gauguin recreates the intricately carved kumete, or bowl, created by Patoromu Tamatea, a respected carver who worked in the Rotorua area in the 1870s. Bronwen Nicholson in her book Gauguin and Maori Art identifies three further paintings that incorporate Maori motifs, Te tamari no atua and two still lives entitled Bouquet of Flowers.Gauguin by his use of taonga Maori and other tribal or "primitive" art challenges the viewer to appreciate such artifacts not only as works of art but as a catalyst for establishing affinities between societies. BibliographyEisenman, Stephen F. Gauguin's Skirt, London, 17.Mead, Sydney Moko, ed., Te Maori Maori Art from New Zealand Collections, Auckland, 184.Nicholson, Bronwen, Gauguin and Maori Art, Auckland, 15.Rubin, William, ed., "Primitivism" in 0th Century Art, vol.1, New York, 184.

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Girls Night Out

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It was a beautiful morning. The birds were singing and the sun was shinning. Kelly had just woken up. Kelly got out of bed and put her jogging gear on. As Kelly was about to leave the house for her morning jog, her mother had stopped her and told her to have breakfast otherwise after her jog she might feel really sick. Kelly went into the kitchen and had an apple and a glass of orange juice. After she had eaten she said to her mother that she was going out for a jog in the park. When Kelly was jogging in the park she had seen one of her best friends walking her dog in the park. Kelly ran up to her best friend Amanda. When Kelly was running after Amanda she had called her name out and Amanda turned around and waited for Kelly to reach her. When Kelly reached her they both said hello to each other. Kelly asked Amanda if she was doing anything tonight? But Amanda wasn't doing anything so Kelly asked her if she wanted to go and see a film? Amanda said to Kelly " I will ask my mother and I will call you to tell you if I will came or not. Kelly said to Amanda "that she is going to call her other best friend Jennifer and ask her if she would like to come to the movies" and Amanda didn't mind Jennifer coming to the movies with them. So Kelly said to Amanda "I'll see you tonight" and they both went back to what they were doing. Kelly ran another lap of the park and then went straight to Jennifer's house. Kelly rang the doorbell and Jennifer answered it. They both said hello to each other and Kelly asked Jennifer if she would be able to came to the movies tonight? Jennifer called her mother and Jennifer asked her if she could go to the movies tonight? Jennifer's mother said that she was allowed to come. Kelly said to Jennifer I will ask my mother if she can ring up and ask what films will be on and what time they are on. Jennifer was fine with that. Kelly said I have to go because I need to have a shower and get ready and Jennifer also had to have a shower and get ready. Kelly left Jennifer's house and went straight home. When Kelly reached home she ran straight to her mother and asked her if she was allowed to go to the movies? Kelly's mother said "yes" and Kelly also asked her mother if

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she could ring up and ask what films are on and what time they start? Kelly's mother said I would ring up after I finish putting up the washing, and Kelly was fine with that. Kelly ran into the house got some clean clothes and ran up stairs to have a shower. Kelly was very exited about going to the movies. Kelly went into the bathroom and started having a shower. Half an hour later Kelly came out of the bathroom and started drying her hair with the hair dryer. After Kelly's hair was dry she ran down the stairs and went into her room so she can find something to wear for the movies. Kelly tried on her new pair of jeans and her new top. She liked the way she looked and that's how she was going to go to the movies. Kelly took off her new jeans and top and went into her old clothes because Kelly wanted to straighten her hair so she can look nice. Kelly straightened her hair and went into the kitchen so she can eat dinner. Just before Kelly was about to start eating the phone rang and it was Amanda. Amanda said to Kelly that she was allowed to come to the movies tonight and Amanda asked Kelly what film were they going to watch? Kelly really wanted to watch The Sweetest Thing and so did Amanda. Kelly told Amanda that The Sweetest Thing starts at 7.0pm and Amanda said to Kelly I'll meet you at the movie at 7.0 and Kelly was fine with it. Kelly said to Amanda I would ring Jennifer and tell her to meet us there at 7.0. Both Kelly and Amanda were fine with it. Kelly rang Jennifer after she had eaten dinner and Jennifer also wanted to watch The Sweetest Thing. So Kelly told Jennifer to be at the movies at 7.0pm and Jennifer was fine with it. So all three of the girls meet at 7.0pm at the movies and they were all excited. All three of the girls went and bought their tickets and also bought something to eat while watching the movie. All three of the girls were really enjoying the film. In the middle of the movie the main actor Roman started talking to Kelly. Kelly thought that was just her imagination until Roman came and sat next to Kelly. Kelly was puzzled she didn't know what to do or say. Kelly asked Roman how did he get here? Roman explained everything to Kelly. Kelly wasn't expecting this but Roman had kissed her on her cheek and then he jumped back into the movie. Kelly was so happy and the other people in the cinema looked very surprised and shocked but Kelly was still very happy. After the movie ended Kelly got out of the cinema with her friends. Jennifer and Amanda couldn't stop asking questions. But Kelly was so happy she wasn't listening. Kelly had called her mother to come and pick her up. When Kelly got home she told her mum everything that happened at the movies even when Roman jumped out of the movie and kissed her, and Kelly told her mother how happy she was. Kelly said to her mum that she would never wash her cheek again.

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Western Philosophy

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Philosophy as a discipline isnt easy to define precisely. Issuing from a sense of wonderment about life and the world, it often involves a keen interest in major questions about our selves, our experience, and our place in the universe as a whole. But philosophy is also reflectively concerned with the methods its practitioners employ in the effort to resolve such questions. Emerging as a central feature of Western culture, philosophy is a tradition of thinking and writing about particular issues in special ways. Thus, philosophy must be regarded both as content and as activity It considers alternative views of what is real and the development of reasons for accepting them. It offers all of us the chance to create and adopt significant beliefs about life and the world, but it also requires each of us to acquire the habits of critical thinking. Western philosophy is considered generally to have begun in ancient Greece as speculation about the underlying nature of the physical world. In its earliest form it was indistinguishable from natural science. Thales of Miletus (early 6th century BC) was the first philosopher of historical record to find the first important school of Greek philosophy in the city of Miletus on the Ionian coast of Asia Minor and he was considered the first Greek philosopher because he was the first to give a purely natural explanation of the origin of the world, free from all mythological ingredients. Thales was revered by later generations as one of the Seven Wise Men of Greece; he was interested in astronomical, physical, and meteorological phenomena. He proposed that all natural phenomena are different forms of one fundamental substance, water; he believed evaporation and condensation to be the universal processes." This made him an important figure in Western Philosophy.

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Critical Thinking & Decision Making

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Abstract Critical thinking and decision-making go hand in hand to enable us to evaluate a situation, process the information and determine a course of action. The focus of this paper is to put both critical thinking and decision-making under the microscope for closer inspection to see how one compliments the other and how they are used in our professional and personal lives. In addition, the benefits of critical thinking are examined and whether or not these two elements are present in the company I work for, ACN Communications. Lastly, the nominal group technique will be explored as a means for problem solving.

Critical Thinking and Decision MakingCritical Thinking As human beings, we are faced with many opportunities to critically think about the world around us. From the commercials we see on television, the articles we read in newspapers and even comments from co-workers about the companies we work for, we have the opportunity to question the world and people around us to determine what we think about it and how we are going to respond. The evaluation and questioning of information and situations around us is called critical thinking. Critical thinking, as defined in the Grolier Encyclopedia, is "the general term given to a wide range of cognitive skills and intellectual dispositions an individual needs to evaluate claims and arguments in everyday situations, to discover and overcome personal prejudices and biases, to assess the reliability of information according to established intellectual standards, and to make decisions about what to believe and what to do." (00) In my opinion, critical thinking then is our ability to question whether to believe or disbelieve what is in front of us and to decide how we are going to respond to it. How we respond is determined by the decisions that we make. Decision making is a key component in how we function on a personal and professional level as well.Decision Making Both personally and professionally, we make decisions everyday. Determining what to wear to work, which route to take to get there and even what foods we will eat are all decisions that have an impact on our lives. From a professional perspective, decision making is a key part of our jobs. Making the decision to hire or fire someone, whether or not to give someone an important project and deciding if we should launch a new product line, all impact our working lives and relationships in our organization. Decision making is defined as "the act of deciding between two or more alternative courses of action." (A Dictionary of Finance and Banking in Economics and Business, 17). Being a good decision maker causes others to trust our abilities, whereas the opposite is true if we tend to make decisions hastily without carefully considering the ramifications of those decisions and their impacts across functional units. It is obvious that decision making is a key component in our lives, but decision making without critical thinking gives us only half of the picture. It is these two components combined that result in successes both personally and professionally.Critical Thinking & Decision Making Combining the techniques of critical thinking and decision making results in situations that have been analyzed closely and potential outcomes clearly considered and defined prior to taking any action. In an article written by Greg Kitzmiller (00), he states that "It seems most business people are busy taking action, meeting with people, interacting and making decisions. Certainly, thinking is one of the most important actions we take and is at the core of strategic planning." Based on Kitzmiller's comments, I believe that critical thinking and decision making must go hand in hand in order to be successful. In order to develop a strategic plan, you must closely evaluate all aspects and in making decisions about your course of action, you develop a strategic plan for the future. From both a personal and professional level, these two combined techniques will put you in a better position to reach your goals and be successful. As restated by Ken Petress "Making quality decisions involves critical thinking; critical thinking has been defined as 'involving the ability to explore a problem, question, or situation; integrate all the available information about it; arrive at a solution or hypothesis; and justify ones position'" (Warnick & Smith, 14). Benefits of Critical Thinking Critical thinking allows us to question our environment and the information presented to us. As stated in our text, we can either "One alternative is to accept passively what you encounter; doing so automatically results in your making someone else's opinion your own. A more active alternative consists of asking questions of yourself in an effort to reach a personal decision about the worth of what you have experienced." (Browne 18, p.)Individual Perspective ACN Communications, Inc. When I look my organization, ACN Communications, Inc., I see areas where critical thinking and decision-making are present and absent. Being a product manager for U.S. voice products and North American competitive intelligence, I work with all functional units within the organization. It is at this level, back-office support, that I see the most critical thinking and decision-making taking place. On a daily basis, representative and customer numeric information is prepared to determine our position versus the competition and over the calendar year. Individuals in our operations and finance departments work closely together to monitor our sales and report these findings to upper management. It is at the upper management level however, where I lose sight of critical thinking and decision-making. Our senior management staff consists of 5 founders, a CEO, COO, CFO and numerous Vice Presidents. Not assuming that these individuals are lacking in critical thinking, it is sometimes difficult to follow their reasoning for the decisions that they make. Case in point, a little over a year ago, half of our organizations employees were relieved of their duties in a downsizing effort. We were advised that in order to remain profitable, we had to decrease our expenses and streamline all of our processes. The remaining employees did just that and now a year later, we have rehired all of our staffs and added additional members to our organization. I question, why we could not streamline our processes and still retain the knowledgeable staff we had in place? It is very difficult to exist in a downsizing effort since work requirements increase while headcount does not. When I stop to consider that I probably do not have a clear picture of how ACN looked financially a year ago, I know that I cannot critical evaluate the situation in order to understand their position and reasoning. Perhaps this understanding in and of itself is critical thinking.Nominal Group Technique The nominal group technique strongly encourages and harbors participation by everyone in the group selected to tackle a particular issue or problem. No one or two individuals dominate this decision-making process. In addition, this technique works well with large groups as well as smaller groups and really focuses on the issues at hard without the concern of having too many issues on the table for consideration. In order for this technique to be successful, there are key steps that must be followed as stated in the article, "What Needs May Be" by Kim, Siegenthaler and Kevin Riley. The first step is selecting the participants. If there will be many participants, individuals are to be separated into smaller groups. All participants are given paper and pencil for writing down their concerns. The second step is for the participants to brainstorm individually. The participants are given a single question to address regarding the subject of the meeting. The group is asked to write down their thoughts in short answer without sharing them with the group. The third step is for someone to act as the recorder to jot down the ideas as they are read aloud in a round-robin. In order to encourage teamwork, participants sit facing each other in a circle. Each participant reads aloud one of their concerns and the recorder writes down their issue on a large piece of paper for all in the room to see. The fourth step is to assign a letter grade to each concern and duplicates are removed. Once all participants have read aloud their concerns, the items are ranked according to importance, 5 being the most important and 1 the least. The fifth step starts discussions on the items and during this process, the items go through another ranking to finalize those issues of highest importance. This process eliminates concerns of little importance and highlights the issues that truly demand the attention of the group. The sixth and final step is to discuss in detail the remaining items without the intrusion of invalid issues clouding the judgment of the group members. This process alleviates the chance of someone not having a say in the decision-making and brainstorming process. The NGT technique opens the door for creativity and problem resolution without fear of criticism and in my opinion, encourages teamwork and team-building.Conclusion Throughout this paper, the benefits of critical thinking, decision-making and the nominal group technique have been discussed with supporting documentation. The above proves that evaluating a situation, sometimes in a group environment, without hastily making decisions proves to provide more insight, creativity and team-building opportunities that lead to a stronger and single-minded successful organization.

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Durian

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I went to the Asian produce store looking for an unusual fruit for my essay of observation. After twenty minutes searching in the market, I had seen a lot of different kinds of fruits such as oranges, melons, kiwi, etc., yet none of them were interested me. I was so frustrated and piqued. But waited, there was a tropical fruit, its aroma had burst into my awareness. Durian, indeed, is so unique and very different from other fruits that I can be sure that no other fruits smell so bad and taste so good, as this fascinating one.I got home with the durian in the paper bag. I felt relief because I had at last found it, a fruit that struck my curiosities to observing it. The smell of the outer flesh of the durian is of such an offensive smell. As the subject of striking comparisons, its smell has been compared to the civet, cat, etc. To me its odor was wonderful; it surpassed the fragrance all the other fruits of the world. Nonetheless, I have never paid attention to its texture. Putting the durian on the dining from table, I started looking at it and tried to exam its whole appearance. Indeed, the durian had a very interested pattern. It looks like a rugby ball; the durian was almost in oval shape. If I were to measure the size, I could say it was about eleven inches long with a circumference of twenty-one inches. I noticed its color was brownish-green, like the color of seaweed. The shell covered with thickened spikes. As I touched its gritty skin that gave me a sudden chilled sensation going through my spine. It reminded me of a porcupine, which had very sharp thorns. I wondered if I was daring to hold the fruit on my bare hands, I would be bleeding badly. One hour passed and another hour. I had seen all that I could be seen in that fruit. The work seemed to waste me too much time. I felt a little tired and discomforted. My mind went blank because I could not think any more. "That is it," I insisted. "I finish it." But just a minute before I took the fruit away, an idea had flashed into my thought. I began to look closer to its skin, I noticed the overripe fruit split longitudinal lines, which were faintly visible among the spine. Its hidden innards sudden exhorted my further curiosity. Now it was time to dissect my durian. Because the shell seemed very thick and hard, it made me feel a little anxious. I was not sure how to open it without any help. An experience and strong person might open it with the hands. I, on the other hand, thought of another alternative, that was, by using a knife and a piece of cloth to protect my palms from those sharp thorns.

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I placed a stout knife at the apex and cut slowly into the suture lines, which were conspicuous. Pulling them apart with the hands, I realized the skin was not as hard as I firstly imagined. As it opened, its texture was very intriguing me. Underneath its thick, ugly outer grind, there were amazing innards. Each inner chamber contained several large nuggets of satiny ivory-white flesh. I touched its pulps with my bare hands; the cool, soft, creamy flesh came all over my fingers. Its delicious fragrance was very strong and filled up a whole room; and I realized my mouth was full of saliva. I took my first bite, sinking my teeth through its golden, wrinkled outer membrane. I could feel the sensation of the creamy pulp, emitting into my mouth, spreading the most wonderful aroma throughout my taste buds. Wow, my senses somersault. A rich butter like custard highly flavored with almond and a very sweet taste with a touch of bitter gave me the best feeling that was beyond words to describe. And then through the flesh, I could see the seed that was as big as a chestnut. Its color was more dark brown, which reminded me the color of cappuchino coffee, which was my most favorite drink. I dived into it like it was the best thing I had ever tasted. I dispatched that whole durian in very few minutes. The fruit was so delicious that made me addicted to it. The fragrance of this aromatic fruit is also very attractive, and the taste was even far better because it left the same sort of aftertaste as chewing on a whole clove of garlic. I could taste this fruit for days.I had finished observing the fruit. Although, it seemed to take me so much time, nearly three hours, I had learned about the process of gathering and organizing information during the observation. My barriers to this examination were unwilling to spend time and uncertain because of my inertia. I felt discomfort sometimes, when I had to force myself into the situation that I was not so interested, looking at the fruit and extending its details. "Be patient and stay focus." Those were the words that I often said to myself during the examination to prevent boredom . Nevertheless, I had discovered my own device to observe deeply about the fruit. The observing also gave me a skill to find and invent new words. These tips would help me improving my English writing skill. I had exerted myself to study the situation more deeply and carefully before observing. This was the best writing assignment I ever had. I felt more relief and raptured.

Please note that this sample paper on Durian is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Durian, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college papers on Durian will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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