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A Comparison of Australia and New Zealand This report will include
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Background information on both countries. Australia and New Zealand's links/comparisons in the following areas # 1 Tourism # Political Relations # Defence # 4 Sport Information on both countries Area Population Gross Domestic Porduct GDP GDP per capita And Other Misc. InformationBackground information on both countriesAustralia's BackgroundAustralia became a commonwealth of the British Empire in 101. It was able to take advantage of its natural resources to rapidly develop its agricultural and manufacturing industries and to make a major contribution to the British effort in World Wars I and II. Long-term concerns include pollution, particularly depletion of the ozone layer, and management and conservation of coastal areas, especially the Great Barrier Reef. A referendum to change Australias status, from a commonwealth headed by the British monarch to an independent republic, was defeated in 1.New Zealand's BackgroundThe British colony of New Zealand became an independent dominion in 107 and supported the UK militarily in both World Wars. New Zealand withdrew from a number of defense alliances during the 170s and 180s. In recent years the government has sought to address longstanding native Maori grievances. Link/Comparison Number 1TourismPeople-to-people links across the Tasman are very close as hundreds of thousands of Australians and New Zealanders cross the Tasman each year as tourists, for business purposes, or to visit family members. One of the reasons many Australian visit New Zealand is because of thier great mountain ranges, which are great for many snow sports. Other reasons for Australians to visit New Zealand are the great natural heritage, all he different types of entertainment such as; wine tasting, hiking, camping, bush walking etc, New Zealand if great for just relaxing.Her are stats for the ammount of New Zealanders comming to Australia as tourist a yearCountry of Residence New Zealand 10 8 40011 441 5001 41 001 46 40014 4 10015 40 70016 60 60017 61 10018 640 5001 660 800This shows we have a desirable counrty fro them to come too, this is for many reasons but one of them is it is so close and easy for them so acess. There are so many things to do and see its no wonder so many tourist come to Australia. Link/Comparison Number Political RelationsAustralia and New Zealand have been closely linked since the early colonial periods of both countries. These links have historically been so close there was even the possibility late last century of New Zealand joining the Australian colonies in a new federation.At a government to government level, the relationship that Australia has with New Zealand is better developed and more extensive than with any other country. The Prime Ministers of the two countries meet annually and consult frequently. For a number of years the Foreign Ministers of Australia and New Zealand have met twice yearly to discuss the overall relationship and foreign policy co-operation. The Trade and Defence Ministers meet their counterparts annually. New Zealand Ministers and their senior officials participate, with their Australian Federal and State counterparts, in many of the Ministerial council meetings which span the Australian domestic policy agendas. In many of these meetings New Zealand attends as a full member, in others as an observer. There is constant exchange of officials between the two governments. The Foreign Affairs and Trade ministries of the two countries exchange officers every year, as do the Defence departments. Information and assessments are regularly exchanged between the two governments.Today there are many areas where people from both countries, including those at the state level in Australia, participate in 'Australasian' meetings and conferences. As well as a comprehensive network of official contacts, there is a huge volume of informal contacts in policy areas that stretches beyond government to non-governmental organisations, business, academia and cultural contacts. All are relevant to the way in which both countries pursue their foreign policy interests together.The Closer Economic Relations (CER) agreement, which took effect on January 1, 18, enabled the relationship to become closer, creating a free trade area between the two countries and facilitating the development of dramatically increased two-way trade and investment. Economically, our two countries are now enormously important to each other. Australia is New Zealands largest trading partner and New Zealand is Australias fourth largest trading partner. Investment has become very substantial, and is broadly balanced.Our close political realations are being show right now thorugh a current affair. New Zealand is willing to process 150 refugees/immigrants, Australia offerent to fund New Zealand to accept them, but New Zealands prime minister, Ms Helen Clark said her country would fund the refugees. Unlike Nauru who are accepting the money. Personally I do not find it is a wise decision for Nauru to accept them even with Australia's funding because thier economy cannot support these people.- More information on this topic in the new article attached, "Howard's 'Pacific soulution' all at Sea"Link/Comparison Number DefenceWhile a formal marriage between the countries did not occur, there has always been a strong trans-Tasman sense of family. Migration, trade and defence ties have helped shape that relationship. The ANZAC tradition, originating in 115 in Gallipoli, did much to cement the bonds.ANZAC Day on 5 April each year marks the anniversary of the first major military action fought together by Australian and New Zealand forces during the First World War. ANZAC stands for Australian and New Zealand Army Corps. The Anzacs formed part of the allied expedition that set out to capture the Gallipoli peninsula in Turkey (then part of the Ottoman Empire). They landed at Gallipoli on 5 April 115. Australia and New Zealand forces have since operated in close combination during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War and in recent peacekeeping arrangements, notably in Bougainville and East Timor. ANZAC Day is commemorated as a public holiday in both countries with memorial ceremonies held at various locations.Times when Australia and New Zealand have worked togetherEast TimorImmediately following the turmoil in East Timor in 1 an international force - INTERFET - was formed under Australian leadership to restore peace and security. This was achieved over a period of five months in difficult circumstances with no loss of life to is personnel through military action. The success of INTERFET involved Australian and New Zealand military personnel, and continues to do since the transition to the United Nations Transitional Authority in East Timor (UNTAET). BougainvilleAustralia supported and assisted New Zealand's successful efforts in 17 to promote negotiations on the Bougainville situation, first among the Bougainville groupings and then between them and the Papua New Guinea government. These resulted in late 17 in a Truce Monitoring Group led by New Zealand. On 1 May 18 a Peace Monitoring Group under Australian leadership succeeded the Truce Monitoring Group. Australian leaders have warmly acknowledged New Zealand's crucial role in initiating and continuing the process which led to the Bougainville ceasefire.Five Power Defence Arrangement (FPDA)The Five Power Defence Arrangements were adopted in 171. The member nations - Australia, Malaysia, Singapore, the United Kingdom and New Zealand - agreed to consult on what steps to take in the event of any external threat to Malaysia or Singapore. In peacetime, the parties exercise their forces together and undertake other training activities. Since 11, the Defence Ministers have met every three years. At their meeting in July 000 Ministers reaffirmed their commitment to the FPDA and its ongoing relevance to member countries and regional security. They ratified the trend towards more joint exercises of the air, naval and land forces, which has already been occurring by consensus among the five members. They also agreed on the importance of taking further steps to improve the operational capability and interoperability of member nations' forces. Australian Defence Minister John Moore stated these outcomes are seen as positive by Australia. The FPDA has succeeded for almost 0 years, because of its proven flexibility and ability to adapt to changes in regional and national circumstances. Today, it has shown that it continues to be a vigorous and evolving organisation. As an established multilateral security framework, the FPDA has a unique role in Asia. It is of strategic benefit to all member nations and, in Australia's view, to the wider Asia Pacific region, said Mr Moore. Australia commits considerable resources to the FPDA's activities. Our involvement is a practical demonstration of our commitment to the security of Singapore and Malaysia. The FPDA is a key element of our very close bilateral defence ties with both those nations. Link/Comparison Number 4SportSport is another notable area of contact between the two countries. Australias sporting triumphs and rivalries are the source of much interest for followers everywhere, and frequently involve contests with New Zealand teams and individuals. Interest and participation in sports is a major feature of life in Australia including the uniquely Australian sport of Australian Rules Football. Team sports in which Australian men or women have enjoyed consistent international and regional success are cricket, rugby league, netball, rugby union and surf life saving. Individual Australians have also won their way to the top of various codes and international events such as the Olympics, notably in tennis, swimming, golf and motorcycle racing. The long list of champions also includes racehorses - including the disputed Phar Lap - often made famous at Australias biggest annual sporting event, the Melbourne Cup.Many Australians also visit New Zealand for the great snowy mountains, with long vertical trails it is any skier/snowboarders dream. There are also many New Zealanders that come to Australia for the great surf. Information on the countries Stats/Other InfoAustraliaGeographyLocation Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific OceanGeographic coordinates 7 00 S, 1 00 EMap references OceaniaArea total 7,686,850 sq kmland 7,617,0 sq kmwater 68,0 sq kmnote includes Lord Howe Island and Macquarie IslandArea - comparative slightly smaller than the USLand boundaries 0 kmCoastline 5,760 kmMaritime claims contiguous zone 4 nmcontinental shelf 00 nm or to the edge of the continental marginexclusive economic zone 00 nmterritorial sea 1 nmClimate generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in northTerrain mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in southeastElevation extremeslowest point Lake Eyre -15 mhighest point Mount Kosciuszko , mNatural resources bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, silver, uranium, nickel, tungsten, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, natural gas, petroleumLand usearable land 6%permanent crops 0%permanent pastures 54%forests and woodland 1%other 1% (1 est.)Irrigated land 1,070 sq km (1 est.)Natural hazards cyclones along the coast; severe droughtsEnvironment - current issuessoil erosion from overgrazing, industrial development, urbanization, and poor farming practices; soil salinity rising due to the use of poor quality water; desertification; clearing for agricultural purposes threatens the natural habitat of many unique animal and plant species; the Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast, the largest coral reef in the world, is threatened by increased shipping and its popularity as a tourist site; limited natural fresh water resourcesEnvironment - international agreements party toAntarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 8, Tropical Timber 4, Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratifiedClimate Change-Kyoto Protocol, DesertificationGeography - noteworlds smallest continent but sixth-largest country; population concentrated along the eastern and southeastern coasts; regular, tropical, invigorating, sea breeze known as the Doctor occurs along the west coast in the summerPeoplePopulation 1,16,08 (July 000 est.)Age structure0-14 years1% (male ,05,05; female 1,54,54)15-64 years67% (male 6,458,08; female 6,,475)65 years and over1% (male 1,040,50; female 1,40,7) (000 est.)Population growth rate 1.0% (000 est.)Birth rate 1.08 births/1,000 population (000 est.)Death rate 7.1 deaths/1,000 population (000 est.)Net migration rate4.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (000 est.)Sex ratioat birth 1.06 male(s)/femaleunder 15 years 1.05 male(s)/female15-64 years 1.0 male(s)/female65 years and over 0.78 male(s)/female total population 0. male(s)/female (000 est.)Infant mortality rate 5.04 deaths/1,000 live births (000 est.)Life expectancy at birthtotal population 7.75 yearsmale 76. yearsfemale 8.74 years (000 est.)Total fertility rate 1.7 children born/woman (000 est.)Ethnic groups Caucasian %, Asian 7%, aboriginal and other 1%Religions Anglican 6.1%, Roman Catholic 6%, other Christian 4.%, non-Christian 11%Languages English, native languagesLiteracy definition age 15 and over can read and write EconomyEconomy - overviewAustralia has a prosperous Western-style capitalist economy, with a per capita GDP at the level of the four dominant West European economies. Rich in natural resources, Australia is a major exporter of agricultural products, minerals, metals, and fossil fuels. Commodities account for 57% of the value of total exports, so that a downturn in world commodity prices can have a big impact on the economy. The government is pushing for increased exports of manufactured goods, but competition in international markets continues to be severe. While Australia has suffered from the low growth and high unemployment characterizing the OECD countries in the early 10s and during the recent financial problems in East Asia, the economy has expanded at a solid 4% annual growth pace in the last five years. Canberras emphasis on reforms is a key factor behind the economys resilience to the regional crisis and its stronger than expected growth rate. Growth in 000 will depend on key international commodity prices, the extent of recovery in nearby Asian economies, and the strength of US and European markets.GDP purchasing power parity - $416. billion (1 est.)GDP - real growth rate 4.% (1 est.)GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $,00 (1 est.)GDP - composition by sector agriculture%industry 6%services 71% (18 est.)Labor force 8. million (December 1)Labor force - by occupation services 7%, industry %, agriculture 5% (17 est.)Unemployment rate 7.5% (1)Budget revenues $0.7 billionexpenditures $8.04 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY8/ est.)Industries mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals, steelNew Zealand GeographyLocation Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of AustraliaGeographic coordinates 41 00 S, 174 00 EMap references OceaniaAreatotal 68,680 sq kmland 68,670 sq kmwater 10 sq kmnote includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Chatham Islands, and Kermadec IslandsArea - comparative about the size of ColoradoCoastline 15,14 kmClimate temperate with sharp regional contrastsTerrain predominately mountainous with some large coastal plainsElevation extremeslowest point Pacific Ocean 0 mhighest point Mount Cook ,764 mNatural resources natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestoneLand usearable land %permanent crops 5%permanent pastures 50%forests and woodland 8%other 8% (1 est.)Irrigated land ,850 sq km (1 est.)Natural hazardsearthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activityEnvironment - current issuesdeforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by species introduced from outsideEnvironment - international agreementsparty to Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 8, Tropical Timber 4, Wetlands, WhalingGeography - noteabout 80% of the population lives in citiesPeoplePopulation ,81,76 (July 000 est.)Age structure0-14 years % (male 440,84; female 41,740)15-64 years 66% (male 1,6,710; female 1,54,58)65 years and over 11% (male 11,511; female 4,01) (000 est.)Population growth rate 1.17% (000 est.)Birth rate 14.8 births/1,000 population (000 est.)Death rate 7.57 deaths/1,000 population (000 est.)Net migration rate 4.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (000 est.)Sex ratioat birth1.05 male(s)/femaleunder 15 years1.05 male(s)/female15-64 years1.01 male(s)/female65 years and over0.77 male(s)/femaletotal population0. male(s)/female (000 est.)Economy - overviewSince 184 the government has accomplished major economic restructuring, moving an agrarian economy dependent on concessionary British market access toward a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes, broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector, and contained inflationary pressures. Inflation remains among the lowest in the industrial world. Per capita GDP has been moving up toward the levels of the big West European economies. New Zealands heavy dependence on trade leaves its growth prospects vulnerable to economic performance in Asia, Europe, and the US. Moderate growth probably will characterize 000.GDPpurchasing power parity - $6.8 billion (1 est.)GDP - real growth rate.1% (1 est.)GDP - per capitapurchasing power parity - $17,400 (1 est.)GDP - composition by sectoragriculture8%industry%services6% (18)Inflation rate (consumer prices)1.% (1 est.)Labor force1.86 million (18)Labor force - by occupationservices 65%, industry 5%, agriculture 10% (15)Unemployment rate7% (1 est.)Budgetrevenues$4. billionexpenditures$.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY7/8 est.)Industriesfood processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism, mining
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