Business Management

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Task Choose a company and identify all motivational (employee-centered) programs that the company has in place. Then ascertain the significance and objectives of these programs. Next provide a critique of these programs. Finally, recommend changes that will improve on the programs and/or new programs that will better meet the objectives articulated above. Overview The company that I have chosen as the subject of my research is the AAA Travel Agency. More specifically, I have interviewed several travel agents from the Reno, Pennsylvania location, which serves patrons from Western Pennsylvania as well as West Virginia. The bulk of the information for my analysis has come directly from the in-office interviews with Ms. Tiffany Pacior, the senior travel agent for the Reno office. She has provided me with information directly out of the AAA employee handbook as well as personal information covering the positive and negative effects she has experienced from the programs I will be discussing. There can be little doubt that the backbone of every successful business or company is its staff of employees. Employees are the vital parts of the business machine that can aid in its success or contribute to its failure. It is for this reason that it is imperative to possess the ability to acquire and maintain effective employees. The chief method by which a business or company can accomplish this task is through employee-centered motivational programs. The goal of these programs is to encourage employees to maximize their performance by targeting three specific motivational stimuli. These include morale, satisfaction, and rewards. After researching their policies and interviewing employees, I have came to the conclusion that AAA of Reno, Pennsylvania has adopted Fredrick Taylor's approach to motivating their employees. In this paper I will demonstrate how AAA applies Taylor's scientific management approach to target the three motivational stimuli stated above. I will also provide some insight from the employee's perspective as to how effective the programs are at what they are designed to achieve. The scientific management approach to motivation evolved from the work of Frederick Taylor. He believed that when highly productive people discover they are being compensated basically the same as less productive people, then the output of highly productive people will decrease. Consequently, the scientific management approach to motivation is based on the assumption that money is the primary motivator. This seems to be the ideology that AAA has adopted to produce high morale, achieve satisfaction, and reward their employees. Morale, as it applies here, may be defined as the overall feeling of the members of an organization. Generally speaking, a company with a high morale among its employees enjoys above average performance and a lower than average employee termination rate. AAA has several programs in practice, which support the scientific management approach to motivation to produce high morale. First, it is not uncommon for a travel agent to work beyond the scheduled forty-hour workday to complete the tasks of a heavy business day. It was for this reason that the company offers overtime compensation for the dedication of their employees. The company pays one and a half times their regular hourly rate of pay when an agent works more than their scheduled hours per week. Also, for those individual days when an agent works more than ten hours per day, they are entitled to overtime dinner pay. The employees stressed that this is a worthwhile program because it allows overtime workers to order dinner from local delivery shops. The objective here is simple, no one likes to work on an empty stomach and so why not use a little give and take to make the employees feel like they are not being taken advantage of. It has proven to be effective from the opinions of the employees I interviewed. The final program I was made aware of designed to bolster company morale is the "paid time off" program. This allows employees to take time off from their work for various reasons and to be regularly paid as if they were working for that period of time. Acceptable reasons for this privilege cover a wide spectrum including personal vacation, minor illness, funeral leave, jury duty, holidays, military leave, and marriage. Ms. Pacior explained that although these programs are not abundantly used, when needed they are greatly appreciated by the employees and help to curb what would be a falling morale. Everyone needs time off from work from time to time but a company is certainly not expected to pay the employee while he or she is not working. In my opinion, AAA has gone above and beyond their responsibility in an effort to keep the company's morale as high as possible. Keeping morale high, however, isn't the only means by which AAA motivates their employees. They also aspire to keep their employees satisfied. Satisfaction is defined as the sum total of feelings a person has about the factors in the workplace. Although there is little in the form of specific programs, AAA does in fact show a respectable effort to keep the factors within the workplace desirable. For example, the office environment itself is well maintained. It is equipped with new computers, plenty of space and climate control. All employees are given personal parking spaces, offices, and their own desktop computers, which cannot be said for similar travel agencies in the area. The employees I interviewed all agreed that they are satisfied with the factors in their workplace and added that their favorite relating policy is the "dress down Fridays" policy. This permits the employees to dress more casually than they do during the rest of the week. A company must keep their employees satisfied if they wish to gain the most out of their performance. It stands to reason that an unsatisfied employee would not feel compelled to put forth their best effort if they feel as if their wants and needs are not important factors to the management. They also agreed that of the three ways to motivate employees this was probably the one that least applied for their particular company, and the one that worked the best was rewards. Rewards, Taylor would agree, are the most effective way to motivate employees. They can come in the form of monetary bonuses, individual perks, or various forms of recognition. AAA makes use of all three of these by implementing several reward programs. First, the company offers several rewards in the form of monetary bonuses. The company's individual incentive plan compares the agent's goal commission with their actual commission and pays thirty-two percent of the excess on top of their regular salary. For example if an agent earns $1,000 over what their goal was set at, the agent earns a $0 bonus at the end of the year. Employees can also earn office bonuses when the office as a whole exceeds the projected goal. When this happens, 5% of the excess is divided amongst the employees and added to their salary as a bonus. This obviously motivates them to make as many sales as possible individually as well as a group. The objective of these programs is to give a sort of pat on the back that says "good job people!" As one could imagine these are the most popular programs in the company. Perks, which make up another large part of the reward program, come in a close second in the popularity contest. AAA offers a variety of perks that would certainly motivate employees to want to stay with the company. First, all employees receive a free AAA plus membership for themselves as well as one additional adult residing at the same address after the completion of six consecutive months with the company. This membership can add up to thousands of dollars per year when used for discounts at a multitude of hotels, resorts, restaurants, as well as many other establishments. Second, employees may elect to enroll in the AAA savings plan. This plan deducts a certain percentage of their basic earnings from each pay that is then matched by the company and put into savings for the future. This plan has proven to be a successful program for both the company as well as the employees. It motivates the employee to give long term service to gain a substantial savings, which generally benefits the company as well. A third perk that employees may enjoy is the insurance coverage offered by the company. AAA offers a variety of coverage including medical, dental assistance, life and long-term disability, and travel accident coverage. For several of the employees in this office, the insurance benefits initially attracted them to the company and are what motivate them to keep their employment with AAA. The fourth type of perk enjoyed by many AAA employees including Ms. Pacior is the educational assistance plan. Under this program, an employee is entitled to reimbursement for tuition and educational material costs up to a maximum of $,000 per calendar year. Classes which deal with subjects that are related to an employee's current position or to work performed at AAA, are eligible for reimbursement. The courses, however, must be taken through an accredited university, college, business, or technical school. Also, they must have a letter grade of "C" or better or "Pass" if the course is pass/fail. To receive the reimbursement, employees must submit a written grade report and receipt for tuition paid and materials expenses. Ms. Pacior is currently working towards her bachelor's degree in business and hopes to finish next semester. This will strengthen her chances for advancement in the company. The final perk I found that the company offers (which was also mentioned as being part of morale motivation) is the vacation time program. Employees are entitled to a specified number of vacation days depending on how long they have been with the company. The chart below outlines the qualifications necessary to earn vacation time. Employment Service Full Time Part-Time 1st year, hired before June 1 1 day per month employed between January 1 and May 1 Average hours worked daily times the number of months employed between January 1 and May 1 1st year, hired after June 1 0 0 nd year 5th year weeks Double weekly hours worked 6th year 14th year weeks Triple weekly hours worked 15th year 4th year 4 weeks 4 times weekly hours worked 5th year + 5 weeks 5 times weekly hours worked As mentioned before, in addition to the time off of work employees are paid their full wage as if they were there in the office working. This program had no opposition from those agents who have taken advantage of it and it is not difficult to see why. The objective of this program is not so much to motivate as it is to encumber job burnout. Unfortunately employees may become overwhelmed with some of the monotonous tasks of everyday work and need time to relax and unwind so as not to become unmotivated. Vacation time has proven to be an effective antidote for this problem. The third and final type of reward that AAA utilizes is recognition. The only formal program dedicated to giving employees recognition in their employment is the service recognition award banquet. This banquet is held to honor employees for a variety of reasons including those who achieved five-year milestones, top sales for the year, friendliest employee (as voted by patrons of the company) and also those employees who have exhibited vast improvement from the previous year. These awards, especially those which are accompanied by a cash bonus, clearly motivate and encourage employees to strive to perform to their potential. The employees of AAA clearly value these awards by displaying them on and around their offices for all to see and admire. It is difficult to recommend changes to these AAA's motivational programs mostly because of the fact that they have been in existence for decades. They have refined them time after time in an effort to reach optimal motivation among the employees. Besides some small cosmetic changes, there was one program in particular that I would suggest to AAA that I believe would assist management in achieving this goal. I have noticed that there is what I believe to be an oversight in the way the individual bonuses are distributed. AAA sets a goal and expects all agents to achieve that goal. The problem with this program is that some areas such as large cities provide travel agents with much more business from which to earn commissions than that of offices the size of the Reno office. These large offices may have more than ten times the clientele than that of the smaller. The result is that the smaller offices rarely have a chance to make any significant bonuses while the large city offices are making arguably too high of a bonus. This has been devastating to the motivation of the smaller offices. Why should we try so hard when we know we wont make the goal, says Ms. Pacior. She makes a good point. Perhaps the corporate office could make goals based on individual offices or at the very least districts so agents perceive themselves as having the distinct opportunity to earn bonuses at the end of each year. This would undoubtedly produce motivation and consequently earn more income for AAA. As I stated this is one problem I found during my analysis of AAA, yet I do not hold that it is the sole problem the company faces. A broader study of the company may reveal deeper problems that my informational sources have allowed. Collectively, AAA does an outstanding job of motivating their employees, a task that many companies that are larger and older have not yet mastered. The Frederick Taylor method has proven, at least in this situation, to be an effective manner in which to retain high morale, satisfy, and reward the employees of the American Automobile Association.

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IMMORALITY

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Niccolo Machaivelli, an Italian aristocrat/ Florentine statesmen, had been a major influence in Renaissance Italy, as well as in Europe. In a time of continuous conflicts between the states of Italy, the threat of invasions from Spain and France, Machaivelli remained to be a valuable member in the game of politics. He believed Italy could survive only if united by a strong leader. He was believed to be the most famed writer of the renaissance. His most admired work "The Prince (151)" is often used, by modern day politicians, as a blueprint to political power; however, while most people had considered the book to be useful for its realism, others had found it to be evil for its immorality. He suggests that it is better to be feared than loved, to be a master at deception appearing to be virtuous but ready to use ruthless acts; and a generous reputation will harm you. These points are important to address, not only does it concern foreign affairs but it concerns the interests of humanity, which Machiavelli devalued. Lorenzo de Medici, to whom the book was intended for, had discarded it, most likely because Machiavelli's view of humanity was not too great.Being a feared man, during a time of danger, does not necessarily benefit the prince. He says it is better to be feared because love is voluntary; the people control whether they will support the leader and since people are a "sorry lot" they will turn against him. Fidel Castro, when he started the revolution in Cuba 150's, was a loved man. When the revolution had failed to overthrow the Cuban government, after so many people had been killed, the people never left his side; Castro rose to power using love. Batista, the Cuban president, was a feared man; yet in a time of danger, the people still turned against him; he was exiled. Cesare Borgia, who Machiavelli admired, used fear and cruelty to control his regime; although he had been successful in leadership, he was also a despised man and was eventually exiled. On the other hand, Abraham Lincoln, a loved man, in a time of conflict, did not use fear to keep his country united and he was one of the most admired presidents in American history. Machiavelli's view of human nature becomes clearer when he advises the prince that he should master the art of deception.

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His view of human nature "Men are naturally deceitful and untrustworthy; they are likely to break promises, they are easily impressed by appearances and results, they are selfish but somewhat naïve, they respect and praise virtue, but most do not possess it themselves." These assumptions about the basic behaviors and attitudes of the general population underlie all of his suggestions for the actions of princes. If the populace is intelligent, well-educated, and acutely aware of history, the prince will not be able to generate the misleading image that Machiavelli argues is essential to a successful leadership. Although these assumptions may or may not be true, Machiavelli is much more willing to make unconfirmed generalizations about human nature than about history. His historical examples are painstakingly accurate and demonstrate Machiavellis great intellect. But he does not support his descriptions of human behavior with the same wealth of evidence.Although the proposal that a prince must exude a false aura of virtue may seem merely one more kind of deception that the prince must learn to master, Machiavellis advice here remains valid even in contemporary politics. Although some of Machiavellis writing might be dismissed as irrelevant to democratic political life, his perceptive analysis of the importance of image is still accurate. Machiavelli points out that image is as important as action, and that rulers must manipulate the perceptions of the populace to appear as other than who they really are. A prince should eagerly take credit for successes and place responsibility for unpopular laws on the shoulders of nobles or lesser officials. Of course, the princes aim is not to be loved, but merely to avoid being hated. Although Machiavellis prince rules in an autocratic state, he must nonetheless practice the kind of politics of image demanded within republics and democracies.Is Machiavelli a Machiavellian? Lorenzo de Medici was considered to be one of the most influential men in the world. The Florentine economy was great; the lower-class enjoyed a greater level of comfort and protection. During his rule Florence became the most important city-state in Italy and the most beautiful in all of Europe.The intention is to persuade Lorenzo de Medici into using fear to control his state.Machiavelli lists all the qualities a prince must appear to have and all the qualities he must stay away from.Although it had been Lorenzo who brought Savonarola back from exile in Bologna, the friar soon accused his benefactor of ruining the state and squandering the wealth of the people. These accusations begain to undermine Lorenzos support among the people of Florence.Florentines were so moved by Lorenzos premature death that the entire population attended his funeral.Lorenzo may have discarded "the prince" because of devaluation of humanism, which was the backbone of the renaissance. He did not see people in a good way; he believed that man by nature was corrupt. He over generalizes but it was Borgia who would do the most to shape Machiavellis opinions about leadership. Borgia was a cunning, cruel, and vicious politician, and many people despised him. Nevertheless, Machiavelli believed Borgia had the traits necessary for any leader who would seek to unify Italy. Pope Alexander, King Louis XII In 150, Cesare Borgia was commander of the popes army.One of his goals in writing The Prince was to win the favor of Lorenzo de Medici, then the governor of Florence and the person to whom the book is dedicated;the book began to be criticized as immoral, evil, and wicked.The people don't care if he occasionally uses evil to achieve his goal, as long as he appears good and righteous and is very successful at running his state, he will be regarded as good. If it gets the objective done, why the fuck not! . Advantage is everything.. Virtue, the ability and skill. ."The ends justify the means." the.Professional and personal. .Just like war; it is not good to be in combat and still have morals, its like water and oil; .they don't mix. All that counts is the objective..It does not matter what you do, as long as the outcome is great. Really what I want to say here, is that Machiavelli had some very good theories, nevertheless, he was to corrupt and brutal. And what I mean by this is that he did not give a shit about anybody.There is no question that all he had in mind was perfectionism. To have the ability to control every obstacle that can come in harms way. a prince must be like a fox, avoiding traps

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Pepsi Incorporated

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Pepsi IncorporatedCaleb Bradham was born in Chinquapin, Duplin County, in 1866. Intelligent and enterprising, he graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and then entered medical school at the University of Maryland. Unfortunately, his familys financial problems forced him to give up the study of medicine after only two years and take a job teaching school in New Bern. Still driven by his interest in medicine, he left teaching to buy a pharmacy in 18. Using his personality and salesmanship abilities, Bradham convinced the pharmacy's owner to sell him the business based almost solely on credit because he did not have any money to purchase the business.In those days pharmacies were a favorite gathering place, and Bradham set out to create a soft drink that would increase business at his stores soda fountain. He created one such drink that became quite popular at the Bradham Pharmacy, a combination of carbonated water, sugar, vanilla, rare oils, and cola nuts, and the patrons started calling it Brads Drink. As the popularity of Brads Drink grew, Bradham changed the name to Pepsi-Cola, after the pepsin and kola nut extract it contained. The name emphasized the supposed health benefits of the drink. Pepsin, an enzyme, was thought to aid in digestion, and caffeine, an alkaloid found in kola nuts, was believed to bestow beneficial energy.In 10, Bradham filed for a trademark for Pepsi-Cola with the state of North Carolina. However, he had to register it again a second time with the U.S. Patent Office because there was already a product named Pep-Kola on the market. Rather then change the name of his product, Bradham bought the rights to the Pep-Kola trademark and reapplied for his trademark August 8, 188. By 10, he had taken on an assistant, R.F. Butler, and put him in charge of running the pharmacy, while he threw all of his energy to producing and marketing his beverage. Bradham mixed the soft drink syrup himself in his store and sold it to pharmacies for their soda

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Vecchio fountains. In 10 he sold 7,68 gallons of syrup, aided by the advertising slogan Exhilarating, Invigorating, Aids Digestion. In 105 they change the logo for the first time since 188. By the end of the year he began selling 1,848 gallons a year, and also began selling Pepsi-Cola bottling franchises to independent investors. The first two franchises in the state opened in Charlotte and Durham. In 106, the number of franchises grew to fifteen. In 107, the companys forty franchises sold over one hundred thousand gallons of syrup. By 115, Bradhams company had assets of more than $1 million.Pepsis popularity skyrocketed, thanks in part to Bradhams foresight and marketing expertise. In 108 his company was among the first in the country to switch from horse-drawn wagons to motor vehicles. This new mode of transportation not only facilitated widespread distribution of Pepsi but also increased its visibility. In 10 automobile racer pioneer Barney Oldfield endorsed Pepsi-Cola in the newspaper ads as A bully drink. Refreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before a race. The following year, Bradham attracted attention by building a spectacular headquarters in New Bern. Pepsis sales grew steadily until World War I. During the war, sugar prices rose rapidly as supplies decreased, and Bradhams company began operating at a loss. Prices continued to fluctuate after the war. Sugar went from 5½¢ per pound in 117 to ½¢ per pound in 10. To protect himself from further price increases, Bradham decided to buy a huge quantity of sugar. His decision proved disastrous when the price of sugar, after peaking at 6¢ per pound, plummeted a few months later to just ¢ per pound. Bradham lost $150,000.Pepsi buys a lot of sugar from different sources. There were maybe three to four different suppliers providing plants with different sweeteners, meaning different trucking companies. They wanted to add some continuity and quality control over the whole operation. (Rajendar, 56)Pepsi continued to have financial difficulties, and by 11 only two Pepsi plants remained in operation. They tried borrowing capital, selling assets, selling additional shares of stock, and they tried completely reorganizing. Nothing worked. Bradham fought to regain control, but on Vecchio March , 1, he declared bankruptcy. He sold Pepsis formula, trademark, and assets for $0,000. The company survived three more bankruptcies before Charles G. Guth, president of Loft Candy Company, purchased it in 11. By the end of the year, Guths new Pepsi-Cola Company is insolvent. In a serious of moves, he acquires interest in the company, giving himself 1% ownership of Pepsi.14 served as a landmark year for Pepsi-Cola. Guth reformulated Pepsi-Cola and moved the companys headquarters to New York. The company lost money until Guth began selling Pepsi in twelve-ounce bottles for five cents, instead of the usual ten cents charged for soft drinks. Pepsi earned $1 million within two years under its new owner, an impressive accomplishment during the Depression. Sales continued to grow as the beverage was introduced to other countries. Pepsi had gone from losing small amounts of money, year after year, to making over $,000,000 in profits, and by 18 it was making over $4,000,000. Guth resigned from Loft Inc. and started running Pepsi-Cola full time. On December 0, 15 Loft Inc. sued Guth for ownership of all the Pepsi-Cola stock he owned. Guth lost but immediately appealed the courts decision to give Pepsi-Cola to Loft Inc. Walter S. Mack was elected President of the Pepsi-Cola Company, and turned Pepsi into a modern marketing company. Mr. Mack was similar in nature to Mr. Guth in that they were both very powerful and aggressive men that ran their company with an iron fist. Mr. Mack inspired those around him with a sense that he ran an honest operation. He was also not just a man with an enormously strong will, but a man who had a brilliant mind and a warm personality. (Martin, 46)One of the first things Mack did was concentrate heavily on advertising. He hired a very well respected advertising company, Newell, Emmett & Company. The characters Pepsi and Pete were created and became extremely popular. In 140 Pepsi-Cola made advertising history when the first nationwide radio jingle, Nickel, Nickel, was broadcasted Pepsi-Cola hits the spot. Twelve full ounces, thats a lot. Twice as much for a nickel, too. Vecchio 4Pepsi-Cola is the drink for youThis little jingle would go on to be recorded in fifty-five different languages.Pepsi underwent several changes in ownership and management through the 140s and confronted mounting sugar prices again during World War II. Throughout the 140s and 150s, Pepsi continued to expand its worldwide market and to launch creative advertising campaigns. Another thing that Mack was responsible for was a major change in Pepsi-Cola bottles. He replaced the old bottles with bottles containing the word Pepsi in block letters formed into the bottle along the side. The new Pepsi bottle had a paper label that would eventually be replaced by blowing the label right into the glass. As World War II approached, Mack also had Pepsis bottles reflect a new patriotic Red, White, and Blue theme. After World War II Pepsi was faced with the same problem of sugar prices increasing and decreasing. By 150 the Pepsi board of directors decided that the Pepsi-Cola Company needed a change in management. Pepsi further refined its target audience, recognizing the increasing importance of the younger, post-war generation. Now its Pepsi, for those who think young defines youth as a state of mind as much as a chronological age, maintaining the brands appeal to all market segments.Alfred N Steele becomes President and CEO of Pepsi-Cola in 150. He invested heavily into advertising in a regional market moved the company aggressively into supermarkets, vending machines, and into overseas markets. Over the years Pepsi-Cola would go through a serious of Presidents and CEO including Herbert Barnet, Donald M. Kendall, Vic Bonomo, John Sculley, Roger Enrico, and Craig Weathercup. Also in 150, Pepsi received its new logo, which incorporated the bottle cap look. They also replaced the straight-sided bottle with the swirl bottle and moved from the 1-ounce to a 16-ounce bottle. In the 160s, Pepsi introduced Teem (a lemon lime based soda), Mountain Dew, Slice, and Diet Pepsi to the soft drink market. Pepsis famous advertising campaign in 16 urged baby boomers to Come alive! Youre in the Pepsi Generation. In 165 Pepsi merged with Frito-Lay to become PepsiCo, Incorporated. Military 1-ounce cans are a success and a full-scale commercial distribution begins. In 170 Pepsi introduces the industrys first two-liter bottles, Vecchio 5granting the requests for a lightweight, recyclable, plastic bottles. The 170s and 180s brought further prosperity to PepsiCo. The Pepsi Challenge and other advertising campaigns, featuring celebrities such as Michael Jackson, Joe Montana, and Billy Crystal, made the product even better known. (Louis, Yazijian, 1)"The Pepsi Challenge, a landmark marketing strategy, convinces millions of consumers that Pepsis taste is superior." (Enrico, Kornbluth, 01)In 18 Pepsi Free, a caffeine-free cola, is introduced nationwide. Pepsi becomes the choice of a New Generation in 184. Lemon Lime Slice, the first major soft drink with real fruit juice is introduced, creating a new soft drink category, juice added. Mandarin Orange Slice goes on to become the number one orange soft drink in the U.S. 7-Up and Mug Root Beer are acquired. Diet Pepsi is reformulated with NutraSweet brand sweetener. By the end of 185, the New Generation campaign earns more than 58 Major advertising and film-related awards. In 18 Pepsi-Cola introduces Wild Cherry Pepsi, an exciting new flavor.During the 10s Pepsi-Cola continued to make great changes and advancements. In 10 American Music Award and Grammy winner rap artist Young MC writes and performs songs exclusively for national radio ads for Pepsi. Ray Charles joins the Pepsi family by endorsing Diet Pepsi with the slogan You Got The Right One Baby. Pepsi introduces the first beverage bottles containing recycled polyethylene terephthalate into the marketplace marking the first time recycled plastic being used in direct contact with food in packaging. In 1, a Pepsi-Cola and Lipton Tea Partnership is formed. Americans become more weight-conscious, and a new strategy based on Pepsis lower caloric content is implemented with The Light Refreshment campaign. Crystal Pepsi, a refreshing, clear soda that is caffeine free, has 100% natural flavors, no preservatives and is low in sodium, goes national. Pepsi-Cola was constantly trying to change their look and appeal to younger customers. By 1, Pepsi-Cola profits surpass one billion, also introducing an innovative 4-can multipack that satisfies growing consumer demand for convenient large-size soft drink packaging. Vecchio 6In 14 Pepsi Foods International and Pepsi-Cola International merge, creating the PepsiCo Food and Beverages Company. In February 16, Pepsi makes history once again by launching one of the most ambitious entertainment sites on the World Wide Web. 17 PepsiCo announces that it will spin off its restaurant decision to form Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc. Including Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, & KFC, making it the largest restaurant company in the world in units and second largest in sales. In my opinion this was a very smart move. They could now be the main products being sold in three already major food restaurants. With the three of them combined, they would now be able to ship less amounts of products, still gaining recognition worldwide through each of these popular restaurants. 18 marks the 100th anniversary for Pepsi-Cola, and also introduces Pepsi One, the first one-calorie drink without that diet taste. (Stoddar, 0) People began to trust in Pepsi and the quality of what their products would bring.Pepsi is known for their quality. Once you tell prospects youre one of two suppliers for the company, youve achieved a quality commitment level other people are interested in. People recognize that if were supplying Pepsi, we have to be doing something right. (Dietz, 14)In 1, The Joy of Cola new advertising campaign for Brand Pepsi features the voices of actors Marlon Brando, Isaac Hayes and Queen of Soul Aretha Franklin. The spots also feature child actress Hallie Eisenberg as the Little Girl. Pepsi and Lucasfilm team up again as Star Wars Episode I - The Phantom Menace hits movie theaters. Consumer excitement surrounding the long-awaited return of the Star Wars series is heightened as special Pepsi bottles and cans offer 4 different Star Wars characters. The collection series includes a gold Yoda can. In a dramatic restructuring of the business, Pepsi announces one of the largest IPOs in history. On March 1, 1, The Pepsi Bottling Group, Inc. (PBG) becomes a publicly traded company and Pepsis largest bottler. PBG is headed by President and CEO Craig Weatherup.The year 001 was also an exciting year for Pepsi-Cola. Pepsi puts a little twist on a great thing, introducing lemon-flavored Pepsi Twist and Diet Pepsi Twist. Pop star Britney Spears appears in her first Pepsi commercial during the 001 Academy Awards. The high- Vecchio 7energy spot also runs online, where more than two million fans click their way to Britneys own version of The Joy Of Pepsi. Pepsi unveils its FunWraps Factory, letting consumers personalize Pepsi cans with fun designs and unique messages. With a wide variety of sports, entertainment and holiday images to choose from, Pepsi drinkers begin creating their own can labels for just about any occasion. In 00 Pepsi becomes the official soft drink sponsor of the National Football League. The company introduces Pepsi Blue, a fusion of berries with a splash of cola, the blue-hued soft drink is created by and for teens. In a new blockbuster commercial, Britney Spears takes consumers through a fast-paced look at the Pepsi Generations, from the 150s through today. Before the commercial debuts during the Super Bowl, more than 415,000 fans click to Pepsiworld.com and vote for their favorite generation.The key to the success at Pepsi both past and future appears to be advertising. When the company came across a jingle that gained great popularity, company sales increased. When they tried to save money by not advertising sales plummeted. By continuing to update the company's advertising towards the young target market Pepsi can continue to gain new customers. They can continue to expand by reacting to the changing marketplace. Getting consumer feedback on current products and future products they would like to purchase. When Pepsi saw how popular bottled water was becoming they started marketing Aquafina water. Continuing to create new products and utilizing target marketing will keep Pepsi a very profitable company with an excellent future.

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The Ledgend of Ferrari

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The novel I have currently been reading is Shirley Haines "The Legend of Ferrari". The Ferrari first started in the year of 147, which have turn into legendary for their speed and beauty. The Italian government considers the Ferrari a work of art. Ferrari sports cars are very luxurious, year after year; they are some of the most exclusive sports cars in the world. One reason why they are so costly is that they are measured works of art to most people. My most preferred car from the Ferrari collection is the F-50. The F-50 was sold to the public in 17 as essentially a street legal racecar. It was urbanized with Formula 1 technology, and sold in two versions, a Berlinetta and a Barchetta, with roll bar. F-50 was designed as an anniversary car. This Extreme car has a lot of Formula 1 technology on board. It has a V-1 engine with a displacement of 4.7 liters. It produces about 51 BHP @ 8500 rpm. The sprint from 0 to 60 mph takes this car just . seconds. It stops increasing speed when he reaches 0 mph. Pininfarina designed the F50. He also designed the F40, Testarossa, 550 Maranello, and the 60 Modena. The F-50 weights about 100 kg. That was achievable because of the employ of Formula 1 technology. The seats, the alloy and a huge part of the chassis are from carbon fiber. The F-50 costs $45,000. My least favorite was the 65 Gt4. In my opinion was poorly designed. Aero dynamics were not a favorite on this model. The shape in 171 was not anything like the years before or ahead. The car looks like any common door sports car. Except under the hood, which could sprint away from any car in its class. Although the inadequately designed outside, I respect the work completed on the inside. Nice crisp clean look without all of those annoying buttons that remind you of being on some sort of space ship.

Custom Essays on The Ledgend of Ferrari

Compared to other books I have read containing Ferrari information, "The Legend of Ferrari" was by far the best book when in need of information on any model and year Ferrari. You get information of these cars that you would never even think of. Down to every bolt and size on the car.

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